不同基因型NDV灭活油乳苗与La Sota株灭活油乳苗的免疫效果比较

用地方分离的基因Ⅵ型和Ⅶ型代表株 (LD - 3- 0 0株和LD - 7- 0 2株 )配以传统的LaSota株所制备的灭活油乳苗与LaSota株单价灭活油乳苗进行的免疫效果比较显示 :前者在接种后各个时期所产生的HI抗体效价与LaSota株灭活苗免疫鸡所产生的HI抗体效价无明显差异 ,至接种后第 4 2天两者均具有 7.3log2 的HI效价。在对具有不同HI抗体水平的试验鸡进行的攻毒试验中 ,对F4 8E9标准强毒株的攻击 ,无论是LaSota株疫苗免疫鸡 ,还是不同基因型灭活苗免疫鸡 ,在HI抗体效价为 6log2 以上时均能 10 0 %地被保护 ;但对不同基因型野毒株的攻击 ,尤其是基因Ⅶ型野毒株的攻击 ,2种疫苗则呈现出明显的差异。在LaSota株疫苗免疫鸡HI效价为 6log2 时 ,对不同基因Ⅶ型野毒株的攻击 ,保护率只有 0～ 2 0 % ;而具有 6log2 效价的不同基因型疫苗免疫鸡则对不同基因Ⅶ型野毒株的攻击具有 6 0 %～ 70 %的保护率 ;当HI效价达 8log2 左右时 ,LaSota株疫苗免疫鸡对基因Ⅶ型野毒株的攻击也只有 80 %的保护率 ,而不同基因型疫苗免疫鸡已能 10 0 %地被保护 ;LaSota株疫苗免疫鸡只有在HI效价在 9log2 以上时 ,方可 10 0 %地抵抗基因Ⅶ型野毒株的攻击。     

Synthesis of Novel Thin-Film Materials by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a conceptually and experimentally simple yet highly versatile tool for thin-film and multilayer research. Its advantages for the film growth of oxides and other chemically complex materials include stoichiometric transfer, growth from an energetic beam, reactive deposition, and inherent simplicity for the growth of multilayered structures. With the use of PLD, artificially layered materials and metastable phases have been created and their properties varied by control of the layer thicknesses. In situ monitoring techniques have provided information about the role of energetic species in the formation of ultrahard phases and in the doping of semiconductors. Cluster-assembled nanocrystalline and composite films offer opportunities to control and produce new combinations of properties with PLD.     

Functional proteomic analysis of rice bran esterases/lipases and characterization of a novel recombinant esterase

An esterase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) bran was identified on two-dimensional gel using 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate as a substrate. The esterase cDNA (870 bp) encoded a 289 amino acid protein (designated OsEST-b) and was expressed in Escherichia coli . The molecular weight of recombinant OsEST-b (rOsEST-b) was 27 kDa, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that rOsEST-b was active over a broad temperature range (optimum at 60 °C) and preferred alkaline conditions (optimum at pH 9.0). The rOsEST-b showed maximum activity toward p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C(4)) among various p-nitrophenyl esters (C(4)-C(18)), indicating that rOsEST-b is an esterase for short-chain fatty acids. The kinetic parameters under optimal conditions were K(m) = 27.03 μM, k(cat) = 49 s(-1), and k(cat)/K(m) = 1.81 s(-1) μM(-1). The activity of rOsEST-b was not influenced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, suggesting that it is not a metalloenzyme. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that OsEST-b had a conserved pentapeptide esterase/lipase motif but that the essential active site serine (GXSXG) was replaced by cysteine (C). These results suggest that OsEST-b is distinct from traditional esterases/lipases and is a novel lipolytic enzyme in rice bran.     

一株3型牛腺病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究于2009年由患急性呼吸道疾病牛的鼻拭子中分离获得一株病毒,经形态特征、血清学试验及PCR鉴定表明,该病毒与牛腺病毒3型(BAV-3)相似。对其E2A基因进行序列测定,并与GenBank中登录的BAV1型、3型、4型及人、绵羊、鼠等其它种属来源的腺病毒E2A基因序列进行比对及系统进化分析,结果显示该分离株与BAV-3的同源性为95.5%。经MEGA4软件分析,分离株与BAV-3验证值为100,表明其为BAV-3,并命名为BAV-3HLJ0955株。对该分离株热敏感试验表明,BAV-3 HLJ0955在56℃ 30min可被完全灭活,属于BAV第一群。这是国内首次分离获得BAV-3的报道。     

白洋淀水位变化及其对东亚飞蝗大发生的影响

根据近50年白洋淀最高水位、入淀水量、出淀水量和降水量等资料，分析了白洋淀水位变化呈现的特点及原因；并结合东亚飞蝗的生长发育特点，探讨了水位的年际、年内变化对东亚飞蝗大发生的影响。结果表明，近50年白洋淀最高水位呈波动中降低趋势，白洋淀逐月水位年内差异逐渐变小。原因主要为上游来水大量减少所致。白洋淀水位年际变化中，峰值回落阶段和波谷地段对应的年份易于东亚飞蝗大发生。5～10月白洋淀逐月水位偏低有利于东亚飞蝗大发生。这些结论为白洋淀水量调控和预防东亚飞蝗大发生提供依据。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白的真核表达及其牛结核病诊断价值评价

本研究旨在利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)系统融合表达结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)的培养滤液蛋白10(culture filter protein 10,CFP10)和早期分泌抗原靶6蛋白(earlier secreted antigen target 6,ESAT6),并评价其作为牛结核病外周血γ-干扰素(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)体外释放实验特异性刺激剂来诊断牛结核病的应用潜能.通过PCR扩增cfp1 0-esat6融合基因,构建pPICZα A-(cfp10-esat6)重组质粒,电转化毕赤酵母GSll5,添加甲醇至终浓度1.0％,诱导3d,取培养上清进行SDS-PAGE分析,镍离子金属螯合亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,Western blot分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性;取纯化的融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6作为刺激剂用于牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验,评价其牛结核病诊断价值.结果表明,目的蛋白(33kD)被成功分泌表达,该融合蛋白与抗CFP10、ESAT6、组氨酸标签和c-Myc4种单抗均发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫反应性.165份奶牛外周血样品的IFN-γ检测结果表明,CFP 10-ESAT6融合蛋白与结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative,PPD)作为刺激剂,二者阳性符合率为82.3％,阴性符合率为78.8％.本研究利用酵母表达系统成功表达CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白,并表现出更高的生物学活性,在牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验中可作为候选刺激剂,并能克服混合感染导致的PPD漏检问题,从而进一步提高检测的敏感性和特异性.     

Antioxidant properties of water extracts from Cassia tora L. in relation to the degree of roasting

The antioxidant properties of water extracts from Cassia tora L. (WECT) prepared under different degrees of roasting were investigated. The water extracts of unroasted C. tora L. (WEUCT) showed 94% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid at a dose of 0.2 mg/mL, which was higher than that of alpha-tocopherol (82%). Water extracts prepared from C. tora L. roasted at 175 degrees C for 5 min and at 200 degrees C for 5 min exhibited 83% and 82%, respectively, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. This result indicated that the antioxidant activities of WECT decreased with longer roasting time or higher roasting temperature. The IC(50) of WEUCT in liposome oxidation induced by the Fenton reaction was 0.41 mg/mL, which was higher than that of alpha-tocopherol (IC(50) = 0.55 mg/mL). WEUCT also exhibited good antioxidant activity in enzymatic and nonenzymatic microsome oxidative systems. The water extracts of roasted C. tora L. increased in the degree of browning and produced chemiluminescence when compared with the unroasted sample. However, the total polyphenolic compounds of WECT decreased after the roasting process finished. In conclusion, the decrease in the antioxidant activity of water extracts from roasted C. tora L. might have been due to the degradation of Maillard reaction products and the decrease of polyphenolic compounds.     

Propagule size: Its relation to population density of microorganisms in soil

Analysis of published data on occurrence of bacteria and fungi in soil revealed an inverse linear relationship between the logarithm of propagule size and the logarithm of population density among these microorganisms. The regression equation Y= 8.841? 0.540.X (in which Y is log numbers of propagules kg^?1 of soil and X is log volumes per 100 propagules), describing the relationship between propagule size and maximum population density of microorganisms in soil, afforded the predicted values of the population density very close to the reported values. The regression equation may also be used for predicting the possible propagule type of a microorganism in soil, if its population density is known.     

地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋条件下盐渍土壤呼吸及其影响因素

【目的】研究土壤呼吸排放特征及其影响因素是评价土壤碳平衡的基础。本课题组前期研究发现在地表下35 40 cm处埋设作物秸秆隔层结合地表地膜覆盖,具有明显的耕层控抑盐效果。但由于秸秆隔层结合地膜覆盖调控土壤微环境,可能影响土壤CO2的排放。然而,相关研究特别是基于野外试验的研究还比较缺乏,不利于正确评价该技术措施的综合效应。为此本研究拟通过相关试验揭示不同耕作方式对河套灌区盐渍化土壤呼吸的影响。【方法】本文以位于河套灌区实施秸秆深埋三年后的典型盐碱地农田为研究对象,观测研究地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋条件下盐渍化土壤呼吸及温度、水分、盐分、有机质等影响因素的动态变化。该研究主要分析翻耕(CK)、翻耕结合地膜覆盖(PM)、上盖地膜下埋秸秆(PM+SL)和秸秆深埋(SL)4种耕作措施下盐渍化土壤呼吸速率的动态变化及其与影响因素的关系。【结果】1)4种耕作方式的土壤呼吸速率在食葵全生育期内均呈降低趋势,PM+SL处理在整个生育期内土壤呼吸速率最高,PM次之,SL处理呼吸速率仅在蕾期较CK略高,其余时期与CK基本持平,在盛花期、成熟期10:00和15:00两个关键时间点各处理间土壤呼吸值同样表现为:PM+SLPMSLCK;各耕作方式0—40 cm土壤温度变化趋势保持一致,仅在收获期出现差异;PM+SL处理0—40 cm土壤含水量在所有处理中均为最低值,但其在控盐和增加有机质上明显优于其它处理;2)土壤呼吸速率与0—40 cm土壤温度呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01),与0—40 cm土壤水分、盐分、有机质含量无相关性。拟合方程显示盐渍化土壤呼吸受土壤温度、水分、盐分的综合效应影响。【结论】干旱区域盐渍化土壤的呼吸速率受土壤温度、水分、盐分等因素的综合影响,在该区域通过上盖地膜下埋秸秆等相应措施起到保温抑盐效果的同时,可增强食葵根系生长以及微生物的代谢活动。     

Significance for exercise capacity of some electrocardiographic findings in racehorses

Summary Various cardiorespiratory and metabolic indices were assessed during treadmill exercise in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses with T wave changes in 4 or more leads on the electrocardiogram or second-degree atrio-ventricular (AV) block, and in horses that had no abnormalities on clinical examination, resting electrocardiography or upper respiratory tract endoscopy. No significant differences in heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, arterial blood gases, oxygen uptake, run time, peak velocity, or blood and red cell volumes were found between normal horses and horses with T wave changes or second-degree AV block. These results indicate that some electrocardiographic findings that are considered by some clinicians to indicate cardiac dysfunction, may have little effect on exercise capacity.