2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机的设计与试验

针对黄土高原丘陵水蚀区残茬覆盖免耕播种及抗旱播种的作业要求,研制了以8.8～11.0?kW手持拖拉机为动力源的2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机。该播种机采用长翼尖角组合式种肥分施开沟器、复合铰链前位双轮仿形机构和螺旋齿槽轮排种器。田间试验表明：该播种机排种均匀性变异系数为35.4%,播深合格率为81.8%,平均种肥间距为44.0?mm,化肥集中在90～100?mm土层范围内,地表可形成宽66～85?mm、深40～52?mm的小垄沟,各项技术性能满足农业种植要求。该播种机适应中国黄土高原丘陵水蚀区缓坡地（＜15°）和水平梯田的免耕播种,满足雨养农业区播种技术的“深种浅覆、镇压提墒、集雨抗旱”等要求。     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

台湾海峡及其邻近海域渔业资源管理的探讨

应用Schacfcr和Fox剩余产量模式及其由此衍生的生物经济模式和Gulland最适产量Y_(0.1)模式,分别估算了台湾海峡及其邻近海域渔业资源的最大持续产量、最大持续捕捞力量,最大经济产量、最大经济捕捞力量、最佳经济效益,最适产量、最适捕捞力量,并对各模式计算的诸项经济指标进行比较,讨论了渔业管理方案,确定了近期适合国情、省情的管理目标。     

中草药防治鸡霉形体病的研究

将自然感染MG的土杂鸡,随机分为7组,1、2、3组分别为病毒I号,按每kg体重0.25ml、0.50ml、1.00ml给药,4、5、6组分别为泰乐星,按每kg体重50mg、100mg、200mg给药,2次/d,连续7d,7组为空白对照。投药后,进行临床症状及气囊病理评分、MG血清抗体检测和疗效试验。结果显示:病毒I号与泰乐星在缓解临床症状、减少气囊炎病变率、降低气囊病变程度和死亡率等方面两者均无显著差异(P>0.05),而试验组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。说明病毒I号与泰乐星达到同样的治疗效果。     

长爪沙鼠生长与繁殖性能的主要指标测定

目的:探讨在普通级环境下饲养的长爪沙鼠的饲养管理、生长发育及繁殖等情况。方法:观测长爪沙鼠的饲养管理方法,记录0-12周的生长发育情况,统计1～5胎的初生个体重、窝产仔数、窝重和离乳重,测定成年长爪沙鼠主要脏器的重量、脏器重量/体重的比值。结果表明:在普通级环境下饲养的长爪沙鼠初生体重为2.8～3.2g,窝产仔4～9只,3～8周龄体重增长快,5周龄开始雌雄体重有显著性差异(P<0.05)繁殖性能好。     

以超滤技术浓缩猪细小病毒含毒细胞液的试验

在研制猪细小病毒灭活疫苗时,应用了超滤浓缩技术,提高了合毒细胞培养液中的抗原含量。为了保证浓缩的流量,减少对滤膜的污染,对含毒细胞培养液作了预处理一离心及微滤,以便除去细胞培养液中的细胞碎片、蛋白质等大分子物质及固形微粒。超滤时选用50000Da滤膜,在20psig压力下,经过5倍浓缩的PPV细胞培养液,血凝滴度提高2个滴度以上。病毒含量测定表明,TCID50／0．2mL由107左右升至109以上,以其配制疫苗,能显著地提高疫苗的免疫原性。超滤技术具有易于操作、高效、分离精度高、没有二次污染等优点,可以根据需要选择不同的浓缩浓度,对保证疫苗的质量具有重要作用。     

温度、无血清培养对山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

在38℃和39℃不同温度条件下培养山羊卵母细胞,成熟率分别为63．6％和57．3％,差异不显著,说明只要培养温度在山羊正常体温的变动范围内,对其卵母细胞的成熟率没有影响。10 mg/mL BSA代替10％FCS培养山羊卵母细胞成熟率为58．7％,对照组为62．5％,差异不显著,说明无血清培养可以代替血清培养。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

上海市禽源阿贡纳沙门氏菌耐药性及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular types of S.agona strains isolated from poultry in Shanghai from 2010 to 2011,K-B method recommended by WHO was used to detect 14 strains of S.agona from poultry.Results were analyzed according to the breakpoints of CLSI,PFGE was used for molecular typing.14 strains were sensitive to 5 kinds of antibiotics.High resistant to sulfisoxazole and high moderate sensitivity to streptomycin.14 strains of S.agona were classified to 6 PFGE patterns.Some S.agona strains isolated from 2010 to 2011 were showed highly homology.Meanwhile,the relativity between antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE patterns was remarkable.