细根分解研究概况

植物主要依赖于细根获取水分和养分,分配到地下部分细根的生物量占总生物量的比例很高且周转迅速,因此在某些森林生态系统中,细根周转对土壤有机质的贡献大于地上部分凋落物,细根分解是陆地生态系统C和养分的重要输入途径.但是,当前国内对细根分解的研究不够重视,在这方面的研究有待于加强.     

南漪湖银鱼资源衰退原因及对策

南漪湖具有银鱼生长繁衍的良好生态条件,１９８１～１９８７年总产银鱼１１５０ｔ。１９８８年后由于过度捕捞,经济鱼类种类组成改变;加上多年旱灾低水位的影响,造成资源严重衰退。通过分析认为：合理调整经济鱼类种类组成,开展放流移植增殖,加强资源保护管理等将使银鱼年产量达到历史最高水平的２．６９倍。     

地理信息系统在土地多宜性评价中的应用

土地多宜性评价为土地利用规划和决策提供多种可能利用方式的信息,它是对每一种不同的利用方式,就选择一套相应的评价指标,它选择的评价对象多,评价的结果准确度高。本文在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的帮助下,建立了土地空间位置图件数据库,土地属性数据库、作物生长要求生理生态知识库和评价指标模型库,对徐水县６种作物进行了多宜性评价的探索。结果显示：在计算机和ＧＩＳ的帮助下,土地评价的工作效率和定量化水平的显著提高     

生防菌组合防控精品西瓜枯萎病的效果初探

【目的】筛选出对精品西瓜枯萎病具有防效的生防菌组合。【方法】将实验室筛选的5种生防菌株23(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、25(Exiguobacterium acetylicum)、28(B. pumilus)、37(B. licheniformis)、156(B. cereus)分别进行复配获得31个组合,通过平板对峙试验和分隔平板研究生防菌及其菌源VOCs的平板抑菌效果,测定其对西瓜种子和幼苗生长的影响,以及通过盆栽试验测定其对西瓜枯萎病的效果。【结果】31个生防菌组合对西瓜枯萎病菌的平板颉颃具有显著差异,其中组合28(23+28+37+156)抑菌率达68.06%;组合13(28+37)的菌源VOCs抑菌率可达41.60%;各组合预处理的西瓜种子和幼苗出苗率与对照无显著差异,但随着组合的复配单菌数量增加,种子萌发率和子叶出土率呈现下降趋势;盆栽试验中,各组合对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果存在差异,其中组合22(25+28+37)的防治效果高达61.1%。【结论】生防菌组合对西瓜枯萎病菌的平板颉颃和盆栽防治效果存在差异,预测2个或3个单菌复配的效果可能最佳,且颉...     

马尾松木荷混交林林分结构和土壤肥力研究

对马尾松木荷混交林与马尾松纯林林分生长、径阶分布及土壤理化性质研究表明 :马尾松与木荷以 2∶1比例行状混交 ,马尾松生长快 ,林分各径阶呈正态分布 ,林分生产力高、结构稳定。马尾松木荷混交林不仅提高土壤通透性和蓄水性 ,促进土壤良好结构形成 ,而且增加土壤养分含量 ,改善土壤肥力状况     

低循环风速下木材表层水分蒸发的试验研究

木材干燥过程中,介质循环速度是一个影响木材干燥的重要工艺参数.在木材各含水率阶段,通过试验分析研究不同介质循环速度对木材干燥速度的影响.结果表明,介质循环速度对干燥速度的影响显著,但其影响随木材含水率（MC）的降低而减弱.在低介质循环速度条件下,试件MC大于45％时,表现为木材干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）随循环风速的增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系;试件MC介于35％ ～ 45％之间时,正相关关系存在但不显著;试件MC小于35％时,干燥室内循环风速的大小不影响木材的干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）.对试件表层含水率分析,试件表层含水率大于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响显著;试件表层含水率小于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响很小,不同循环风速下试件表层含水率基本一样.     

A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of the human genome draft sequence

We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.     

大弹涂鱼血细胞发生的研究

通过对大鲜涂鱼血液、肾脏、脾脏组织涂片的观察，发现其肾脏、脾脏内白细胞的发育大致经过了3个阶段，即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。造血母细胞从造血器官释放入外周血中有一成熟过程。着重描述了大弹涂鱼的红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞发生过程中各阶段细胞的形态特征。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.     

潜流湿地技术在高密度养殖尾水处理中的应用

构建"潜流湿地+生物净化"的湿地生态系统,并以纯生物净化系统作为对照区,研究其对池塘高密度养殖尾水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、悬浮物总颗粒(SS)指标的去除效果,并对试验区与对照区内的产量与效益进行分析。结果表明:构建湿地生态系统后,区域内养殖面积有所减少,但产量与效益却有所提高。试验区的净化面积占整个养殖系统的7.9%,远远小于对照区的净化面积占比18.8%。对TN、TP、CODMn的去除率分别为80.8%～90.9%、78.95%～88.18%和23.20%～27.24%,对照区对相应指标的去除率分别为70.8%～88.7%、76.09%～87.14%和15.38%～25.08%,试验区的去除效率略高于对照区。至2011年,试验区与对照区的池塘生产各类水产品产量分别比2009年增长24.8%与19.2%、销售收入分别增长了26.4%与14.8%、利润分别增加了35.2%与18.64%。试验区产量与效益明显好于对照区。因此,潜流湿地方式净化水质节省了土地资源,提高了鱼池利用率及养殖效益,与纯生物净化相比具有明显的优越性。