On farm observations to increase genetic gain in breeding schemes for village poultry production – A simulation study

To improve genetic gain of breeding programs for village poultry production, breeding schemes with observations obtained in village production systems using individual (VIO) and group recording (VGO) were examined under different levels of genotype-by-environment-interactions (GxE). GxE was modeled by varying the correlation between traits measured in the breeding station and village environments for bodyweight (r_{g_BW}) and egg production (r_{g_EP}). Relative and absolute genetic gains obtained from VIO and VGO were used for comparison between the schemes. Results showed that village observations significantly improved genetic gains compared to the scheme without birds tested in the village. The improvement was only slightly larger with individual observations than with group observations. Higher r_{g_BW} and r_{g_EP} led to lower relative genetic gain, but a higher absolute gain of VIO and VGO. It is recommended to apply a breeding scheme using group recording of village performance when strong GxE in breeding for village poultry is expected.     

烤烟品种NC102高产配套栽培技术研究

为烤烟品种NC102在云南烟区的大面积推广种植提供参考,在云南省石林县板桥镇马街村进行了施氮量、株行距、留叶数、打顶时期4因素3个水平对该品种产量、产值影响的正交试验。结果表明:施氮量、施氮量与株距互作对NC102产量的影响极显著,株距、留叶数的影响显著;施氮量、株距、施氮量与互作株距对产值的影响极显著,留叶数的影响显著;各因素对NC102产量与产值的影响程度依次为施氮量施氮量与株距互作株距留叶数。NC102品种的田间最佳技术措施组合为施纯氮量6.5kg/667m2、株距0.6m、留叶数20片、现蕾打顶。     

条状组培苗负压拾取手设计与试验

目前,组培苗移植设备中针对组培苗抓取主要采用尺寸定位方式夹持,夹持手结构复杂,占用空间大,且对幼嫩的组培苗会有一定的损伤,影响后期成活率。为克服以上问题,该研究设计了一基于负压吸附的力定位单株条状组培苗拾取手,并对负压拾取手吸嘴内腔体,吸嘴材料及吸嘴口尺寸进行了设计。该论文对吸嘴内腔体形式采用CFD(computational fluid dynamic)软件进行了仿真分析,并通过拾取对比试验验证,确定吸嘴内腔体采用变形腔体结构为宜;对吸嘴材料及吸嘴口尺寸进行正交试验、单因素试验及交互作用试验,试验结果表明在组培苗吸嘴采用厚度为0.5 mm,内径为6 mm硅胶管,吸嘴口处长圆形半径为0.7 mm,吸嘴口唇高为1.5 mm的组合下,拾取手吸嘴对苗径在1.2~2.0 mm范围内的单株条状组培苗拾取效果稳定。在较优组合条件下,整体性能试验证明组培苗负压拾取手拾取系统吸附成功率可达到98%,能够满足下一步的移植插入作业要求。     

水杨酸对小麦镉毒害的缓解效应

研究了外源水杨酸(SA)对小麦镉(Cd)毒害的缓解效应.结果表明,低浓度(0.5 mmol/L 以下)SA能够促进扬麦158种子萌发及幼苗生长,高浓度则有抑制作用.0.5 mmol/L SA浸种能够明显缓解0.1 mmol/L、0.5 mmol/L Cd对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制,能提高根中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性,但不能减轻1.0 mmol/L Cd对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制.     

安徽省县域测土配方施肥决策系统

随着农业部测土配方施肥项目的开展,安徽省各项目县通过采样化验、布置试验等,获得了大量数据.为了满足项目县充分利用这些数据指导当地农业生产的要求,研究开发了针对县域的测土配方施肥决策系统.该系统以Microsoft.NET Framework为平台进行开发,主要包括两个功能模块:一部分为主界面模块,通过向导式操作,最终生成配方施肥建议卡;另一部分为管理界面模块,可以对土壤养分测试值、有效养分校正系数、肥料利用率等有关数据和参数进行调整.系统采用向导式操作,简单易懂,便于操作,易于推广.     

淳化县泥河沟流域果林发展与综合效益遥感动态研究

利用不同时期遥感信息资源、结合实地调查测绘，编制不同时期果林类型图，经过叠合比较，建立动态分类系统，获得果林类型动态图，以此分析淳化县泥河沟流域１９８６￣１９９５年果林面积的动态变化与综合效益。     

利用近红外高光谱图像技术快速鉴别西瓜种子品种

为了研究采用近红外高光谱图像技术对西瓜种子品种快速无损鉴别的可行性,该文采用近红外高光谱图像技术,通过提取西瓜种子的光谱反射率,结合Savitzky-Golay (SG)平滑算法,经验模态分解算法（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）和小波分析（wavelet transform,WT）对提取出的光谱数据进行去除噪声处理,采用连续投影算法（successive projections algorithm,SPA）和遗传-偏最小二乘法（genetic algorithm-partial least squares, GA-PLS）进行特征波长选择。基于全波段光谱建立了偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）,基于特征波长建立了反向传播神经网络（back-propagation neural network,BP NN)判别模型和极限学习机（extreme learning machine,ELM）判别模型。试验结果表明,基于特征波长的BPNN模型和ELM模型的结果优于基于全部波长的PLS-DA模型,基于SG预处理光谱提取的特征波长建立的ELM模型取得最优的判别效果,建模集和预测集的判别正确率均为100%。结果表明应用近红外高光谱成像技术对西瓜种子品种鉴别是可行的,为西瓜种子的品种快速鉴别提供了一种新方法。     

掺砂对土壤水分入渗和蒸发影响的室内试验

通过掺砂调控农田土壤水分入渗和蒸发,对新疆干旱绿洲农田抑盐、保水及合理的掺砂制度制定具有重要意义。该研究以不同的掺砂率为影响因子进行土柱模拟试验,设置了4个掺砂率水平,分别是0（对照）、25%、50%、75%。结果表明：不同掺砂率条件下湿润锋和累积入渗量与入渗历时有显著地乘幂关系,影响顺序为75%＞50%＞25%＞0,且在掺砂率≥25%影响幅度较大;不同掺砂处理对土壤水分蒸发过程同样也有显著地影响,随着掺砂率的增加,土壤蒸发显著减弱,随着掺砂率的增加,抑制土壤蒸发越强,且在掺砂率≥75%时有较大幅度影响。土壤在连续20 d蒸发过程中,各个处理的土壤累积蒸发量随时间的关系和Rose经验公式拟合度高; 不同掺砂处理能显著提高土壤掺砂层以下的土壤含水率,随着掺砂率的增加而增加,其中掺砂75%时最高。     

Recombinant equine growth hormone administration: effects on synovial fluid biomarkers and cartilage metabolism in horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Recombinant equine growth hormone (reGH) has recently been evaluated for effects on body condition and wound healing. It has the potential to influence articular cartilage via stimulation of IGF-1. OBJECTIVES: To investigate effects of administration on synovial joint metabolism. METHODS: Six mature horses were given 20 microg/kg bwt reGH daily for 8 weeks by i.m. injection. Three control horses were injected with sterile water. Serum and synovial fluid samples were collected at 6, 8, 11 and 16 weeks for GH and IGF-1 assays. Articular cartilage harvested at week 16 was evaluated by Western analysis using monoclonal antibodies BC-13, BC-4, 8-A-4 and CH-3. RESULTS: Concentrations of IGF-1 in serum and synovial fluid were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) at 6 and 8 weeks in the reGH group. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in synovial fluid were significantly less than controls at these time points, suggesting that reGH may modulate proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage. In the reGH group, there were not any alterations in synovial fluid content of 3B3(-) epitope or aggrecan metabolite, or in aggrecan or link protein catabolites retained within cartilage, that might be expected with development of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular administration of reGH may be a more efficient means of delivery of IGF-1 to joints for cartilage resurfacing initiatives. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: We found no alterations in cartilage metabolism indicative of development of osteoarthritis.     

帽儿山地区21年生长白落叶松种源试验

对在黑龙江省的东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场21年生长白落叶松种源试验林进行方差分析。结果表明，种源间差异显著；生长性状，抗性与各种源间的经度，纬度，海拔高度及气候因子相关分析结果表明，海拔垂直梯度渐变为主，纬向渐变为辅的连续变异是长白落叶松生长性状的基本变异模式，降水量和日照时数是影响长白落叶松生长的主要气候因子，用长白落叶松各种源的相关性状作聚类分析并参照地理气象因子在，遗传距离0.370的水平上将长白落叶松分布范围区10个参试种源划为6个种源区：Ⅰ小北湖种源区。Ⅱ白刀山种源区，Ⅲ完达山种源区，Ⅳ白河种源区，Ⅴ大石头种源区，Ⅵ桓仁种源区；用Duncan法对种源间进行多重比较，并用综合指数法进行选择，表明小北湖种源是长白落叶松优良基因资源中心，是该试验点最佳种源，大海林种源也是可选择种源；从长白落叶松的低等效纬度地区向高等效纬度地区调种，可望获得较大的遗传增益。