Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

Rapid identification and differentiation of Theileria sergenti and Theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay

The present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis. The LAMP assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61 °C or 63 °C, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. The results can be checked using agarose gels. The optimal assay conditions, under which the assay exhibited with no cross-reaction with other closely related tick-borne parasites (T. annulata, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. major, B. ovata, B. U. sp., Anaplasma marginale) or between the two Theileria species of interest, was established. The assay is approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional specific PCR assay. The LAMP assay was validated using DNA from 6 standard stocks in the laboratory and was evaluated for its diagnostic utility using blood samples collected from experimentally and naturally infection cattle or yaks in China. These findings indicate that this Theileria species-specific LAMP assay may have potential clinical applications for the detection and differentiation of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis, especially in endemic countries.     

侵染大豆和桑的烟草坏死病毒(TNV)的鉴定

本文主要是介绍农业部植检所和有关单位共同协作进行的应用技术方面的研究结果。杀虫效果方面:室内试验得出:对谷斑皮蠹成虫、幼虫、蛹,温度11～14℃,10克/m~3,处理24～48小时,效果100%。对谷斑皮蠹卵,温度11～14℃,15～50克/m~3,处理24小时,效果9.0～62.5%,50克/m~3处理48小时,40克/m~3处理72小时效果100%,温度20～22℃,40克/m~3处理24小时,15克/m~3处理48小时也100%死亡。对谷象、玉米象、绿豆象的卵,温度20℃,15克/m~3处理48小时效果100%。对胚后期的黑皮蠹、烟草坪,印度谷蛾幼虫、玉米象、谷蠹和绿豆象成虫的效果更好。室外粮垛上试验,粮温15～16℃,50～70克/m~3处理24小时,对玉米象和绿豆象各虫态的效果100%。中草药材垛上试验,温度27～28℃,30克/m~3处理二天,对黑皮蠹幼虫、玉米象各虫态以及锯谷盗成虫效果100%。真空熏蒸,真空度负745～720mmHg,温度12～20℃,70克/m~3处理3小时,对谷象和绿豆象卵的效果方能100%。熏蒸粮食残留量测定结果:20～70克/m~3熏蒸3天,小麦中氟残留量为0.55～1.48ppm,水稻中为0.29～2.48ppm,玉米中为0.09～1.51ppm。熏蒸粉类粮食残留量高。硫酰氟熏蒸粮、棉、油、蔬菜以及林木种籽,对发芽安全。粮食在熏蒸期间对硫酰氟的吸附量,以大豆和玉米为例,分别只有溴甲烷吸附量的36%,20.3%     

Comparative studies of acetylcholinesterases purified from two field populations of the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis): implications of insecticide resistance

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified by affinity chromatography from two populations of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), collected from Huanghua and Pingshan Counties, Hebei Province of China. The purification factors and yields were 1661-fold and 19.3%, respectively, for the Huanghua population, and 3897-fold and 39.6% for the Pingshan population. Both the purification factor and yield were significantly lower in the Huanghua population than in the Pingshan population. AChE activity was almost completely inhibited by 10⁻⁶ M eserine and BW284C51, but ?5.8% of AChE activity was inhibited by ethopropazine at the same concentration, suggesting that purified AChE from either population was a typical insect AChE. However, AChE purified from the Huanghua population was 62-, 2.0-, and 1.6-fold less sensitive to inhibition by the three organophosphate compounds, chlorpyrifos oxon, demeton-S-methyl, and paraoxon, respectively, than that from the Pingshan population. Significantly lower purification factor and low yield associated with reduced sensitivity of AChE to inhibition by the organophosphates indicated that AChE purified from the Huanghua population was biochemically and pharmacologically different from that of the Pingshan population. Reduced sensitivity of AChE appeared to contribute to organophosphate resistance in the locust from Huanghua County, where insecticides have commonly been used to manage outbreaks of the locust.     

利用羊碎肉开发宠物食品配料的工艺技术研究

研究以羊碎肉为原料,通过高压蒸煮、绞碎、酶解、打浆、脱苦、真空冷冻干燥等工艺制成羊肉粉,以此作为宠物食品加工中的配料之一。试验确定了中性蛋白酶为最适水解用酶并通过单因素和正交试验,以骨肉粉的溶解性为指标,确定了中性蛋白酶酶解羊碎肉的最佳条件为:酶用量2 000 U/g,底物浓度为1:3,酶解时间3 h;脱苦研究表明,添加0.7%甘氨酸,能较好的掩盖苦味;对采用喷雾干燥方法生产的羊肉粉进行37℃保温试验,在贮存到第6周时,菌落总数为7.17 lg cfu/g,TBARS值为2.82 mg/100 g。由此可推断该骨肉粉在常温条件下可贮存3个月。     

添加番茄渣单贮和混贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响研究

研究番茄渣单贮或混贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响,为今后在奶牛科学养殖中开发和利用非常规饲料资源提供理论依据和技术支持。试验选择体重、泌乳期、胎次和产奶量相近且健康无疾病的30头泌乳前中期荷斯坦奶牛于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区双河镇嘉益奶牛养殖合作社进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,番茄渣经过单贮或混贮(分别与梨渣、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆混贮)后用于奶牛日粮中替代部分全株玉米青贮,可有效的降低玉米青贮的使用,降低生产成本,显著提高乳蛋白率(P<0.05)、乳脂率(P<0.05)和奶牛产奶量(P<0.05),提高养殖效益。番茄渣单贮或混贮可提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益,并可作为一种非常规饲料资源在奶牛业中进行推广应用。     

微生物除草剂与生物安全

随着人类环境意识的提高和农业可持续发展的需要,高效、环保微生物除草剂的研究越来越显示其重要的社会意义和经济价值。本文概述了微生物除草剂的种类、剂型及特点,介绍了利用微生物及其天然产物防治杂草的潜在优势和目前国内外的研究进展,尤其是对微生物除草剂的生物安全性进行了评价。     

黑龙江省水稻穗颈瘟人工接种技术研究

为建立水稻穗颈瘟准确的鉴定技术,在黑龙江省人工气候室完成发病条件鉴定试验,结合田间病圃完成接种条件鉴定试验.结果显示,在人工气候室内,自然光源下、环境温度26℃、相对湿度≥90％、水稻孕穗末期用5号或6号针头注射接种的鉴定效果最佳,供试水稻品种平均发病率为92.22％.在人工控制环境条件的前提下,试验点田间接种的效果也...     

430g/L戊唑醇水悬浮剂的研制

戊唑醇是一种广谱内吸型杀菌剂,对多种作物的病害有较好防治效果。本文介绍了农药悬浮剂发展、加工及实验理论依据,并采用优化组合法对表面活性剂进行了筛选。试验结果表明:该产品悬浮率90%以上,热贮(54℃±2℃,14d)分解率<5%,产品各项指标符合悬浮剂的要求。