直播稻田无人机全程防治病虫草害初探

针对不同设备设计不同喷液量,飞行参数验证防治效果,从而验证无人机在稻田全程应用的可能性,旨在探索2种小型多旋翼植保无人机低空喷洒在整个水稻生长时期病虫草害防治过程中的防效。结果表明:当喷洒水田封闭式除草剂的喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²,其对杂草的株防效与鲜重防效与人工电动喷雾相近。在病虫害的防治试验中,使用推荐用量且喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²时,以及使用70%推荐用量（减量30%）且喷洒量为15000 mL/hm²时,防治效果均与人工电动喷雾器无显著差异。通过验证,选择合适的药剂,配合科学的喷洒参数,可在保证药效的前提下减少农药使用量。多旋翼植保无人机在水稻田有进行大面积全程飞防植保应用有广阔的前景。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白转基因小鼠的构建研究

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ ＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段正向插入ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ，用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＳａｌⅠ对ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ进行双酶切后，回收含有狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ和绵羊ＭＴ启动子的２．７６ｋｂ片段，通过显微注射技术将该片段注入小鼠单细胞受精卵雄前核内，在进行胚胎移植后，获得４４只小鼠，经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及原位     

秦巴山地景观生态风险的时空分异

[目的] 科学评估秦巴山地景观生态风险,为区域内生态安全建设和可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法] 以秦巴山地2000—2020年3期地表覆被数据为基础,应用空间分析法和地形分布指数法,定量地分析秦巴山地景观生态风险的时空特征,以及其在各地形梯度上的动态变化。[结果] ①秦巴山地景观生态风险整体偏低,空间差异特征显著,且存在着明显的空间集聚效应,呈东西两侧跟中间高,南北低的空间分布格局。②2000—2020年,秦巴山地景观生态风险呈下降趋势,低生态风险区明显扩张,高生态风险区显著缩小。③高生态风险多集中分布于海拔高、地形复杂或海拔低、地形平坦地区,低生态风险在中等地形梯度地区呈优势分布。[结论] 秦巴山地景观生态风险整体呈下降趋势,表明区域内生态环境质量有所提升;秦巴山地景观生态风险的空间分布格局受地形影响较大,且相对稳定。     

油松、辽东栎混交林中生化他感作用的研究

研究了油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）、辽东栎（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．）混交林中的生化他感作用，结果表明：油松、辽东栎纯林及松栎混交林下的枯落叶、半分解枯落叶及表层土壤水浸液对油松及其它植物的种子发芽和幼苗胚根、幼茎生长有显著的影响，一般在高浓度下表现为强烈的抑制作用，低浓度下作用不显著或起促进作用。其中辽东栎枯落叶水浸液的抑制作用最为强烈，混交林中枯落叶的抑制作用有所下降。说明在某些条件（干旱、混交比例和混交方式不当）下，两树种混交可引起林地生化他感物质富积，从而导致油松生长不良，林地生产力下降。解释了实际林地的现象，为营造松栎混交林提供了依据。     

岩溶高原地区小流域土壤厚度的空间变异特征

土壤厚度是制约石漠化地区生态修复的重要因子。在贵州省金沙县乌箐河小流域,通过实地调查土壤厚度,结合地统计学和经典统计学方法,研究岩溶高原地区小流域中3种典型土地利用类型下土壤厚度的空间变异及其分布格局。结果表明：研究区土壤厚度总体呈中等强度空间变异,个别样地属强度变异,具有良好的半方差结构,其变异趋势大致为随着坡位的降低而逐渐减小,而土壤厚度随坡位的降低逐渐变厚。坡耕地土壤厚度空间相关性相对较好,存在一定的连续性;荒山和意大利杨树林地土壤厚度的空间变异程度均较大,斑块状分布明显。除个别样地可以用高斯模型和球状模型拟合外,其余样地均可用指数模型拟合,且拟合效果较好（R^2≈0．8）。研究结果加深了对岩溶高原地区土壤厚度的认识,为石漠化综合治理工程的合理布局和土地资源的有效开发利用提供重要依据。     

江苏省农科院粮食作物研究所网站的构建与运行

基于江苏省农科院粮食作物研究所对外宣传和展示信息化的需求,选择构建该所的网站,对其功能、栏目、体系结构以及运行情况进行详细介绍。网站的实施将极大地提高粮食作物研究所的软实力,增强其综合竞争力。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

不同栽培条件下凯特杏果实发育过程中香气成分的GC/MS分析

采用带捕集肼的静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究设施和露地2种栽培条件下凯特杏果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及其变化.结果表明:不同栽培条件下,凯特杏在绿熟期、商熟期和完熟期共检测到61种香气成分,主要成分为醇类和酯类;在果实的不同发育时期,香气成分及其含量差异较大,绿熟期以醇类为主,商熟期和完熟期以酯类为主;露地栽培的香气成分含量明显高于设施栽培;凯特杏酯类化合物含量较高,包括乙酸乙酯、(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、丁酸乙酯等,其含量随着果实的成熟逐渐升高;乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、己酸乙酯、2-甲基丙酸己酯、1-己醇、3-己烯-1-醇是凯特杏果实的特征香气成分.     

Characteristics and factors controlling the development of ephemeral gullies in cultivated catchments of black soil region, Northeast China

Ephemeral gully erosion is an important process in the black soil region, Northeast China and can be responsible for severe damage to agricultural lands. However, little research on gully formation in this area has been published. The study described in this paper attempted to quantify soil losses, the spatial distribution and morphology of the gullies, and the factors that control their development. Ephemeral gullies were measured in spring and summer of 2005 in two small catchments. The critical periods for ephemeral gully formation were late spring and summer in the study area. Mean soil losses due to ephemeral gully erosion were 0.40 and 0.43 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ for only croplands despite low slope gradients, and this loss is above the tolerable erosion rates of 0.20 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. The erosion rates were greater in spring because the topsoil thawed before deeper layers, reducing infiltration into the soil, and the bare vegetation cover provided no barriers to surface flow. In contrast, summer erosion occurred primarily in response to intense rain events. Development of the gullies was promoted by freeze-thaw cycles in spring and was affected by the type of agricultural operations and crops in summer. A linear regression model for the prediction of ephemeral gully length at the catchment level was established using field data, and although it did not successfully predict the length of individual gullies, it explained 55% of the variation in ephemeral gully length.