武汉市规模猪场粪水资源化利用典型模式探析

为有效控制规模猪场生产中产生的粪水对环境的影响,加快推进规模猪场粪水资源化利用,促进一、二、三产业融合,文章立足于武汉市规模猪场粪水资源化利用实际,选取规模猪场粪水资源化利用典型模式进行分析,以期为提高规模猪场粪水资源化利用提供借鉴.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体检测

采用Svanova公司牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体ELISA抗体检测试剂盒对采自新疆10个不同地区的875份牛血清进行了牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清抗体检测,共检出抗体阳性血清759份,最高阳性率为100％,最低为55.0％,平均为86.7％.检测结果表明该病已在新疆普遍存在,感染没有明确的地域分布规律.根据ELISA检测结果,从...     

日本百脉根LjbHLH34基因克隆及耐旱功能鉴定

干旱是影响植物生长发育的重要环境因素。本研究分析了日本百脉根抗旱相关基因LjbHLH34的耐旱功能,初步解析其响应干旱胁迫的分子机制,以期为百脉根抗旱分子育种提供理论基础。本研究克隆得到的LjbHLH34基因大小为711 bp、编码236个氨基酸,属bHLH转录因子家族成员。系统进化树分析显示,LjbHLH34蛋白与拟南芥bHLHⅣ亚家族中AtbHLH34和AtbHLH104亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量分析表明LjbHLH34在日本百脉根的根中表达量最高,叶中次之,茎中最少,暗示其在日本百脉根多个组织中发挥作用;同时LjbHLH34基因也受聚乙二醇(PEG)和脱落酸(ABA)诱导表达。在酵母中检测发现LjbHLH34具有转录激活活性;亚细胞定位试验表明LjbHLH34蛋白定位于细胞核中。将LjbHLH34基因转入拟南芥获得过表达株系。在200 mmol·L^-1甘露醇胁迫下,LjbHLH34转基因拟南芥的根长明显长于野生型。干旱处理后,野生型拟南芥比转基因拟南芥萎蔫程度更加明显,而转基因株系的相对含水量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于野生型,丙二醛(MDA)积累...     

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。     

低温浸渍对“玫瑰香”低醇桃红葡萄酒品质的影响

以天津汉沽产区的"玫瑰香"葡萄为试材,分别选取了2、6、10℃为酒精发酵前浸渍温度,并以24、48、72h为低温浸渍时间,研究了低温浸渍前处理方式对低醇桃红葡萄酒质量的影响,并通过固相微萃取结合气质联用法对其香气物质进行了定量分析。结果表明:6℃下低温浸渍处理葡萄汁48h后再发酵获得的低醇葡萄酒理化指标和感官指标均优于其它浸渍温度和时间。在此条件下酿的低醇葡萄酒香气物质含量明显高于对照组,其颜色浅桃红、果香浓郁、清新爽口、口感均衡、余味较长,具有"玫瑰香"葡萄的典型性。其中对22种香气成分进行了定量分析,发现低温浸渍增加了总的香气成分含量,赋予了低醇葡萄酒更多的新鲜水果香和花香,一定程度上弥补了由于低醇发酵造成的香气不足。说明短期低温浸渍可以改善"玫瑰香"低醇桃红葡萄酒的品质。     

烟丝结构对主流烟气中NNK逐口释放量的影响

为研究卷烟主流烟气中NNK的逐口释放量与烟丝结构间的关系,设计制作不同烟叶类型和烟丝组成的卷烟样品。通过RM20 H吸烟机连接逐口抽吸单元实现对主流烟气粒相物的自动化逐口捕集,并参照烟草总公司标准运用HPLC-MS/MS实现对NNK释放量的定量及变化趋势分析。结果表明：（1）烟丝结构对卷烟NNK的总释放量具有较大影响,调整烟丝配方及降低白肋烟比例可以有效减少NNK的总释放量。（2） NNK的逐口释放量随抽吸口序增加呈线性增加趋势;5口后,迅速下降;在前5口抽吸过程中,烟丝比例及白肋烟比例高的样品逐口释放量较高;第6口,烟丝及白肋烟比例的影响逐渐减弱。（3）烟叶类型、烟丝组成与NNK的逐口释放量（1~6）口间均存在较强的线性回归关系,其复相关系数（R）为0.951 R 0.999,通过适当降低白肋烟比例,增加膨胀烟丝比例可以降低NNK前5口每口释放量。     

The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate tw91) on porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

To verify the role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection on pulmonary defense mechanisms, alterations in the viability, morphology, and various functions of porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs) were evaluated in vitro for 2-72 h after exposure to a Taiwan isolate, tw91, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. A low but constant rate of infection, around 5%, was seen in AMs from the PRRSV-infected group throughout the study. When compared with a mock-infected group, AMs from the PRRSV-infected group had a significantly lower viability at 18-72 h post-infection (HPI) as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. Also during this time period, the cells showed morphological changes, including rounding, bleb formation, and rupture. The phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of AMs against Candida albicans was significantly inhibited after 6 HPI. Although the total amount of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by the AMs was reduced after 18 and 12 HPI, respectively, the amount of production was enhanced in both reactive oxygen species on a per viable cell basis after 12 HPI. In contrast, the level of bioactive tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion, either total or on a per viable cell basis, was markedly reduced soon after PRRSV infection, up to 36 HPI, followed by a rebound thereafter. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was enhanced, both in total and on a per viable cell basis, in the first 6 h of infection, especially at 2 HPI. However, it became lower than that of the control after 36 HPI. The results indicated that PRRSV infection could cause, directly and/or indirectly, not only death of AMs but also adverse alterations in their morphology and function, although some of the effects seemed to be reversible. Because AMs are crucial to the host against airborne pathogens, PRRSV infection may potentially predispose pigs to secondary pulmonary infections.     

河南省肉鸡4株禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定及S1基因序列分析

通过病料接种SPF鸡胚和鸡胚尿囊液的RT-PCR鉴定,于2017至2018年从河南省不同发病鸡场分离到4株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),分别命名为HB/L1/201711、ZMD/L2/201704、SQ/L3/201803、LY/L4/201710,并对4株毒株S1基因进行克隆和序列分析。结果:HB/L1/201711、SQ/L3/201803 S1基因全长1 620 nt,编码540 aa,其裂解位点分别为HRRRR,分属于基因型V、Ⅰ分支;ZMD/L2/201704、LY/L4/201710株S1基因全长1 617 nt,编码539 aa,其裂解位点为RRSRR,属于基因型Ⅱ分支。ZMD/L2/201704与LY/L4/201710分离株核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列同源性较高,分别为97.6%、95.4%,与另外2株分离株之间核苷酸序列同源性为76.5%、76.8%。4株分离株与国内外参考毒株及疫苗株的氨基酸序列同源性在58.5%~98%之间,具有较大的差异性。其中:ZMD/L2/201704、LY/L4/201710与491型传支疫苗氨基酸同源性较高,可达95.4%、95.9%;SQ/L3/201803与CHI分支参考毒株氨基酸同源性在94.6%~98.9%之间;HB/L1/201711与TWⅠ型毒株2575/98、3468/07有较高同源性,分别为94.8%和93.5%。本研究表明河南省肉鸡鸡群鸡传染性支气管炎病毒基因型相对复杂,推测存在重组与突变。