Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.     

家蚕乳糖酶-根皮苷水解酶基因BmLPH014192的表达和序列选择性剪接分析

乳糖酶-根皮苷水解酶(lactase-phlorizin hydrolase,LPH)是肠组织上皮细胞微绒膜上的一种糖蛋白,对乳糖和根皮苷有水解活性。鉴定了家蚕基因组中的一个LPH基因,命名为BmLPH014192。该基因CDS长1 305 bp,编码434个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为50.8 kD,等电点(pI)为5.35。将该基因的cDNA与家蚕基因组序列比对,显示其具有7个外显子,外显子/内含子边界处均符合GT-AG规则。将BmLPH014192与哺乳动物人、褐鼠、家兔和昆虫黑腹果蝇、冈比亚按蚊、二化螟、佛罗里达弓背蚁、大红斑蝶等的LPH进行氨基酸序列比对,相似度都在60%左右;聚类分析中BmLPH014192与昆虫类LPH聚在一起。芯片数据分析结果表明BmLPH014192在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫的9个组织中,只在中肠中有表达,并且表达量很高。在绿茧品种大造和白茧品种19-710幼虫的中肠中扩增到的特异性条带其长度分别为1 000 bp和750 bp,存在序列选择性剪接;在其它白茧品种的中肠中没有扩增出特异性条带。推测BmLPH014192的特殊表达方式可能与其在不同家蚕品种中肠组织中的特异性功能有关。     

洛阳生生牧业犊牛健康管理经验

近年来,牧场逐步走向现代化、规模化发展,生产水平大幅度提高,后备牛的培育也提升到了新的高度。犊牛健康管理是牧场成败的关键,但如何做好犊牛健康管理,成为制约奶牛业健康发展的瓶颈之一。为此,本文对河南洛阳生生牧业有限公司的犊牛健康管理工作进行了认真总结,旨在了解犊牛管理现状,分析存在的问题,探索适合大型牧场应用的犊牛管理模式,促进奶业健康、可持续发展。     

藏系绵羊源沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的分离与PCR鉴定

为研究外观健康藏系绵羊携带沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌情况,对采自外观健康藏系绵羊的19份肛门拭子进行大肠埃希菌和沙门菌分离鉴定.用选择性培养基及普通PCR方法共分离鉴定出1株沙门菌和13株大肠埃希菌,其中产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌4株,3株含有产志贺毒素基因Stx 1,1株含有产志贺毒素基因Stx 2,沙门菌invA基因和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌Stx基因同源性分析表明,分离株沙门菌的invA与NCBI上已登录的5种血清型沙门菌核苷酸序列同源性为99.8％,4株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌与NCBI上已登录菌株的核苷酸序列同源性都大于95％.本研究结果为高原地区藏系绵羊源沙门菌和产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的流行病学调查奠定了基础.     

通过雏鸡MDV攻毒试验选择抗马立克氏病亲本

对F0、F1、F2亲本经继代No.614血型基因选择后繁殖的F2、F3雏鸡,10日龄以马立克氏病强毒（MDV）攻击至60日龄的死亡率,其父母亲对No.614抗血清呈阳性反应的试验组显著低于其父母亲对此抗血清呈阴性反应的对照组。试验组25个家系中,有14个家系的F2雏鸡死亡率显著低于对照组;F3雏鸡有21个家系的死亡率低于对照组,其中8个家系具有统计意义。肿瘤发生率,以肾脏和腺胃最高,肺脏和神经组织最低。综合血型抗原检测和MDV攻毒结果,从试验组25个家系中选留强MDV抗性家系留种繁殖,继代选育。     

应用电镜技术快速检测培养细胞中的支原体污染

应用电镜技术可快速准确地检测培养细胞中的支原体污染。通过高速离心浓缩样品,负染色后电镜观察,可在30min内做出判定,方法快速、简便、准确。     

正安县山羊主要疫病血清抗体检测报告

为了解正安县山羊主要疫病的发展趋势,通过虎红平板凝集试验、正向间接血凝试验、酶联免疫吸附试验等方法对正安县引进山羊进行布鲁氏杆菌病、O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎、山羊痘等主要疫病血清抗体的检测。结果表明,O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫和山羊痘免疫抗体阳性率分别为79．42％、81．18％和99．58％,未免疫的布鲁氏杆菌病、羊传染性胸膜肺炎的丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体未免疫抗体阳性率分别为0％、0％和3．81％。监测结果为山羊健康的引进、培育和扩繁提供了一些基础数据,对指导养羊生产有一定的意义。     

Effects of beta-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of beta-glucan supplementation on pig performance and immune function. In Exp. 1, 100 weaned pigs (8.65 +/- 0.42 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of graded levels of beta-glucan. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments containing beta-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm. Each treatment was replicated using 5 pens containing 4 pigs per pen. The ADG of pigs between d 14 to 28 and d 0 to 28 responded to dietary beta-glucan in a quadratic fashion (P < 0.05), whereas beta-glucan had no effect on ADFI and G:F in any period. In Exp. 2, 80 crossbred pigs (8.23 +/- 0.56 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan in the diet) using 10 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs treated with beta-glucan had greater ADG in the 14- to 28-d (P = 0.05) and 0-to 28-d (P = 0.035) periods. The ADFI of pigs receiving beta-glucan was increased (P < 0.05) in the periods from 0 to 14, 0 to 28, and 28 to 35 d. The lymphocyte proliferation index in response to phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.051) and concanavalin A (P = 0.052) tended to decrease on d 14 in pigs supplemented with beta-glucan compared with pigs without supplementation. In Exp. 3, 24 barrows (8.89 +/- 0.20 kg of BW and 28 d of age) were used to investigate the immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial, with the main effects of LPS challenge (saline vs. LPS) and dietary addition of beta-glucan (0 vs. 50 ppm). Pigs were raised individually in metabolic cages. Pigs were fed 0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan for 28 d and then challenged with LPS (25 microg/kg of BW) or saline. After LPS injection, blood was obtained at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 h to determine cytokine production and the somatotropic response. Dietary beta-glucan increased plasma interleukin-6 at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 3 and 4.5 h and increased plasma interleukin-10 from 3 to 7.5 h after LPS challenge. The beta-glucan treatments had no effect on growth hormone. In conclusion, beta-glucan can selectively influence performance and partially offer benefits on somatotropic axis and immune function in weaned piglets challenged with LPS.     

冬小麦秸秆不同处理饲喂肉牛的效果观察

将冬小麦秸秆经微贮、氨化处理后进行饲喂肉牛增重育肥试验,对照牛喂自然干麦秸。48 头供试牛(每组16 头),试验结果为:喂微贮麦秸组头均日增重0.89kg,喂氨化麦秸组头均日增重0.84kg,对照组头均日增重0.57kg。试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P< 0.01),两试验组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。将各组耗料(包括精料、粗料)、增重按市价进行效益分析,60 天试验期结束,微贮组平均每头获得114.00 元,氨化组平均每头获利63.13 元,对照组平均每头亏损14.36 元。冬小麦秸杆处理后饲喂肉牛效果明显。微贮法优于氨化法,成本低,易操作,饲喂效果好,在农区应大力推广。     

Dietary Supplementation with Microencapsulated Lutein Improves Yolk Color and Lutein Content in Fresh and Cooked Eggs of Laying Hens

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of diet supplemented with non-microencapsulated lutein (NL) and microencapsulated lutein (ML) in laying hens. A total of 270 Hy-line Brown laying hens (54 weeks old) were allocated to three groups with six replicates of 15 hens and were adapted to a wheat-soybean meal basal diet for two weeks. Next, the control birds were fed the basal diet, and the test birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg NL (12 mg/kg available lutein) or 90.1 mg/kg ML (10 mg/kg available lutein) for 35 days. Supplementation of lutein did not affect the productive performance of laying hens, but improved (P<0.05) the yolk color and red/green value (a*), with eggs from the ML group displaying improved color and a* values from the 15^th day of the experimental period. The blue/yellow value (b*) for the yolk showed an increase (P<0.05) through both NL and ML supplements. The yolk color of fried and boiled eggs and a* value of the yolk in fried eggs were improved (P<0.05) only through ML supplemented diet. Both NL and ML supplements resulted in lower (P<0.05) lightness and higher (P<0.05) a* values of yolk in boiled eggs, as well as higher (P<0.05) b* values in fried and boiled eggs. Yolk lutein content in fresh, fried, and boiled eggs was increased (P<0.05) in NL and ML groups with the latter being higher. In conclusion, ML improved yolk pigmentation and lutein retention in laying hens better than NL.