Amendments of Activated Carbon and Biosolid on the Growth and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean Grown in Potted Cd-Contaminated Soils

Cadmium-contaminated soils can be re-used and also produce biomass energy if we plant soybeans or other biomass crops in the contaminated sites. In this study, two soils with pH values of 5.9 and 6.7 were artificially spiked to make their final total concentration as CK (about 1.0), 3.0, and 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1. Different amendments were mixed with these artificially Cd-contaminated soils to study the effect on the growth and Cd uptake of soybean, which include control (without amendment addition), powder-activated carbon (1%), and biosolids (sludge, 5%), respectively. Three kilograms of the treated soils was added into each pot and sowed 10 seeds of soybean (Leichardt species). The experiment was conducted in a 25°C greenhouse and controlled the soil water contents in the levels of 50–70% water holding capacity during the experimental period. Plants were harvested after growing for 90 days, and their fresh weights, dry weights, and plant heights were determined and recorded. Compared with the lower pH soil (5.9), soybeans were higher and have higher fresh weights and dry weights when growing in the higher pH soil (6.7). For most of the treatments, the two amendments had no significant effects on the plant heights of soybeans. For 3.0 or 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1 soil, the application of biosolids has significant effect on increasing the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans (p?<?0.05). However, there were no specific effects of applying activated carbons on the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans.     

杆齿式残膜回收机卸膜过程分析及高速摄像试验

为解决残膜回收中卸膜不可靠、卸膜率低的问题,基于MB(Majumdar-Bhushan)接触分形理论,分析杆齿式残膜回收机卸膜工作过程中拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板间的接触载荷与形变量的关系及其动力学影响因素。运用ANSYS软件对拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板的接触过程进行仿真分析,并通过高速摄像试验追踪了拾膜杆齿末端的运动轨迹,测量卸膜过程中拾膜杆齿与卸膜刮板前端的最大形变量。结果表明,当拾膜机构转速为36 r/min时,拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板前端的最大形变量分别为15.741、49.733 mm;当机具行进速度为0.85 m/s且机具行进速度与拾膜杆齿轴线速度比为1.5时,机具有较高生产效率,能保证可靠卸膜。该研究结果可为拾膜、卸膜机构的运动参数优化提供参考。     

Effect of humic acid on the sedimentation and transport of nanoparticles silica in water-saturated porous media

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Nano silicon particles (nSiO2) is one of the most widely used industrial engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The extensive applications of nSiO2 may pose potential...     

盐碱地高盐废水电解脱氯同步制氢特性

就近利用风光能电解盐碱地治理过程中产生的高盐废水,是同步实现风光消纳、废水处理和H₂/Cl₂生产的有效途径。然而,盐碱地治理废水盐浓度较低且盐离子种类众多,直接电解严重影响脱氯制氢效率。该研究通过开展盐碱地治理废水的电解试验,讨论了盐浓度及不同除杂工艺对废水脱氯制氢特性的影响规律。结果表明,不同盐浓度废水电解的H₂/Cl₂产率与电流密度呈线性关系,且产H₂速率稍大于产Cl₂速率。电流密度和pH值均随盐浓度升高先增大后减小,废水中盐浓度为3.5 mol/L时,电解后最终电流密度和阴极的pH值均最大,电解效果最优。添加Ca(OH)₂对废水进行电解前除杂,可将浓缩废水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-浓度分别降低至0.02、0.1和0.2 mol/L。电解过程中通入CO₂能够进一步降低杂质离子对废水电解的不利影响,使电解脱氯制氢性能相...     

Effects of late planting on fiber quality and within-boll yield components as mediated by sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting.     

基于图像处理的玉米收割机导航路线检测方法

快速精准的检测出导航路线并对田端做出准确判断是收割机视觉导航的前提。为解决玉米收割机导航作业过程中因玉米列阴影、玉米田端的杂草等因素对检测精度干扰的问题,该文通过分析视觉导航图像的颜色特征去除阴影干扰,对玉米收割机提取导航作业路径和判断田端提出了检测算法。为减少计算量,设定关注区域作为非第一帧图像的处理范围;为去除玉米列阴影对检测结果造成的干扰,强调关注区域内G(绿色)分量并减弱R(红色)或B(蓝色)分量;为加快处理速度,采用跳行累计G分量的方式确定候补点。在关注区域内对图像中去除阴影干扰后的G分量垂直累计值查找候补点,对图像上半部分收敛性好的候补点通过方差计算确定出已知点,再利用过已知点Hough变换拟合出玉米列边界所在的导航线。最后采用R分量的连续突变判断收割机是否到达田端。田间试验表明:目标直线的平均检测时间为50.13 ms/帧,对田端的检测准确可靠,满足玉米收割的作业要求。该研究成果也适用于高粱等其它高杆作物的机械化收获应用。     

Spatial scaling of soil salinity indices along a temporal coastal reclamation area transect in China using wavelet analysis

High spatial variability of soil salinity in coastal reclamation regions makes it difficult to obtain accurate scale-dependent information. The objectives of this study were to describe the spatial patterns of saline-sodic soil properties (using soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC_1:5) and sodium ion content (SIC) as indicators) and to gain knowledge of the scaling relationships between those variables. The soil pH, EC_1:5 and SIC data were measured at intervals of 285 m along a 13,965-m temporal transect in a coastal region of China. The spatial variability of soil pH was weak but it was strong for soil EC_1:5 and SIC at the measurement scale. There was a significant positive correlation between soil EC_1:5 and SIC, while correlations between soil pH and either EC_1:5 or SIC were weak and negative. For each saline-sodic soil parameter, the variability changed with the decomposition scales. The high-variance area at the larger scales (≥570 m) occupied less than 10% of the total area in the local wavelet spectrum, which meant that the spatial variations of the salinity indicators were insignificant at these scales. For local wavelet coherency, at a scale of 1500–2800 m and a sampling distance of 0–4500 m, the covariance was statistically significant between any two of the saline-sodic soil parameters.     

基于红外衰减全反射光谱的温室土壤盐分特征研究

与传统的露地耕作土壤不同,温室土壤在耕作过程中受较多的人为调控,但在调控的过程中产生了多种问题,如大量施肥导致的土壤盐渍化[1]。因此,研究如何表征温室土壤的离子特征并预测温室土壤的发展是当前设施农业发展所面临的重要问题。常规农化分析只从不同的角度分析温室土壤的特征,很难实现整体上的综合表征。红外光谱能够综合反应土壤的理化性质,在温室土壤研究中有具有明显的特点。常规的透射光谱在研究土壤时存在制样时间长和难以定量的缺点,而衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)则可克服这一缺点,结合化学计量学的方法,能够实现土壤的定性与定量分析[2,3]。红外光谱包含大量化学键信息,在分析时需进行合理的降维,抽取     

基于生物力学模型的拖拉机离合踏板人机工程设计

针对拖拉机离合踏板人机工程设计不足导致驾驶员容易产生疲劳的问题,该文搭建了驾驶员-离合踏板人机交互特性测试系统,基于试验结果分析了拖拉机驾驶员-离合踏板人机交互特性。在Any Body生物力学软件中建立了拖拉机驾驶员-踏板生物力学模型,并采用表面肌电测试结果验证了仿真模型的合理性。提出下肢关节出力程度为舒适性主观感受评价指标,基于仿真结果定量研究了离合踏板阻力和踏板布局对驾驶员踏板操纵舒适性影响规律和驾驶员人体尺寸对踏板布局的影响,给出不同人体百分位尺寸前提下踏板布局极限尺寸的推荐范围。通过优化踏板连杆长度、连杆夹角以及踏板-座椅布局降低踏板阻力,驾驶员下肢受力最大值从154 N降低到120 N,降低了22%,驾驶员下肢关节出力程度降低了20.98%,本文提出的研究方法及其研究结果可为拖拉机踏板人机工程设计提供参考。