中国对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（HHNBV）DNA探针的制备及应用

ＨＨＮＢＶ是１９９３年中国对虾暴发性流行病的主要病原之一。从纯化的病毒中提取ＤＮＡ，用ＥｃｏＲｌ限制性内切酶酶切成ＤＮＡ片段，与ＰＵＣ１８体外重组，建立ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ文库。从中筛选出三个重组质粒（５＃、８＃、９＃），它们所插入的片段大小分别为：２．８Ｋｂ、０．８Ｋｂ、１．６Ｋｂ，它们分别用光敏生物素标记成探针，与感染ＨＨＮＢＶ的病虾ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应，以此利用制备的ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ探针的高敏感性和特异性来检测虾病。     

显微注射生长激素基因导入中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）受精卵的研究

本实验采用显微微量注射方法，交羊生长激素基因导入中轻地虾受精卵，受精卵发育到蚤状幼体第三期后采样检测。ＰＣＲ检测结果表明：７个样品共９３尾幼体，有３个样品呈出阳性信号，基因转移比率至少在３％以上。同时斑点杂交结果也证明有两个明显阳性斑点。     

Effect of starvation on biochemical composition and gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea gigas</Emphasis>

The effects of starvation on biochemical composition and gametogenesis were investigated in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Histological analysis, combined with oocyte examination and measurements of protein, glycogen and lipid levels and RNA/DNA ratio from gonad, adductor muscle and mantle tissue of each sex were performed. In the starved groups, C. gigas showed gonad development, but the progress was delayed during the experiment. Glycogen was the first substrate used by C. gigas for dealing with lack of food. While glycogen was rapidly consumed, protein and lipid contents decreased gradually. A decrease in the RNA/DNA ratio in the starved groups in all the body components was found during starvation, illustrating that RNA/DNA ratio was a valid indicator of nutritional condition in C. gigas. A significant increase in water and ash contents and a corresponding decrease in condition index were observed in the starved groups, showing that the water and ash content and condition index were related to the usage of glycogen, lipid and protein reserves in body composition. During starvation, energy reserves were mobilized for survival and gonad development, but spawning was arrested. The information obtained in this study is useful for broodstock management in the Pacific oyster industry.     

基于线粒体Cyt b基因序列的棘头梅童鱼种群遗传结构

选取线粒体细胞色素b (cytochrome b,Cyt b)基因序列作为分子标记,分析了中国沿海棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)的种群遗传结构.2019年9-11月在中国沿海9个采样点共采集棘头梅童鱼342尾,共检测到174个单倍型.通过构建单倍型网络连接图和单倍型进化树发现,棘头梅童鱼可分为北方...     

Development of Gene‐derived SNP Markers and Their Application for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultured Populations in Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

The Apostichopus japonicus is a valuable aquaculture species in China. In this study, 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from expressed sequence tags of sea cucumber using high‐resolution melting. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.2462 and 0.2897, respectively. Thirty‐two of these loci were used for estimating the genetic similarity and variation between the five hatchery stocks from China and two wild stocks from Japan. No significant differences in Ho or He were observed between the wild and hatchery populations. The pairwise Fst (which ranged from 0.0119 to 0.0236) and the genetic identity (which varied from 0.9802 to 0.9915) showed no significant differentiation between the wild and cultured stocks. The analysis of molecular variance indicated the source of variation was at the level of “within the populations.” The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in cultured and wild populations of A. japonicus obtained in this study is useful for setting up suitable guidelines for founding and maintaining of cultured stocks and for future genetic improvement by selective breeding.     

基于MATLAB实现模糊神经网络模型在企业水环境中的应用

指出了水质评价是进行水环境容量计算和实施水污染控制规划的重要基础。应用模糊神经网络原理，以某企业污水处理站的检验数据为依据，选择3个评价参数，使用MATLAB函数工具箱编程，建立了T—S模型，经过仿真得出评价结果，研究表明：该方法能正确评价水质的样本，具有较好地客观性和预测性。     

泗水桃树生长期间的气象灾害分析与防御措施

泗水桃树生长发育历时萌芽期、开花期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期四个重要的物候期,经历春、夏、秋三个季节,期间也恰是各种气象灾害的频发期。根据泗水县1970～2010年气象资料,分析了不同气象要素对桃树各个生长期的影响,以及不同气象灾害对桃树危害。有针对性地提出了预防气象灾害的措施。     

Influence of soil factors on the soil enzyme inhibition by Cd

A comparative study was conducted on the toxicity of Cd to alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in 18 top soils with contrasting soil properties representative of 14 major soil types in China. Soil pH and carbonate content, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) largely affected the Cd toxicity on two enzyme activities; with the soil pH having only minor effect on the median ecological dose values based on total Cd concentrations (ED_{50 T}). The values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} (based on water-soluble Cd content) of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were strongly influenced by pH and CEC contents, which explained up to 71% of the variation for alkaline phosphatase, 82% of the variation for dehydrogenase, and also were significantly correlated with the parameter K_F derived from Freundlich adsorption isotherms. This study suggests that the values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} could be useful to evaluate the buffer capacity of soils which protects soil enzymes from harmful effects of heavy metal.     

杆件局部失稳对钢桁架拱桥整体稳定性的影响

以某城市钢桁架拱桥为研究对象,采用板单元、梁单元、桁架单元等模拟整体有限元模型,分析钢桁架拱桥局部杆件弹塑性稳定性的特征值;通过改变风撑、斜撑、拱肋、吊杆数量及拱肋的刚度和矢跨比等参数,分析成桥状态下局部稳定性对钢桁架拱桥整体稳定性的影响.结果表明:①经计算结构的失稳临界值,杆件局部失稳是钢桁架拱桥失稳的主要影响因素,局部杆件受力能较好地反映结构稳定性承载力.②增加风撑结构的数量可以显著提高结构的稳定性;但当风撑数量足够时,继续增加风撑结构的数量,结构的稳定性并不能得到很大的提高;斜撑的设置对整体稳定性有很大的影响,特别是"K"和"X"斜撑对结构稳定性的影响非常显著.③风撑和拱肋刚度变化对结构的稳定性影响较为显著,吊杆刚度变化对结构的稳定性影响不大.④当矢跨比为1.0/4.0～1.0/5.0时,失稳位置出现在风撑位置;矢跨比为1.0/5.5～1.0/6.0时,失稳位置出现在拱肋弦杆位置;矢跨比主要通过影响局部位置杆件的受力状态影响结构整体的稳定性.     

露温露时和施氮量对稻瘟菌侵染的多元影响及其建模

 在人工气候室条件下研究了露温(DT),露时(DP),和施氮量(N)对稻瘟菌侵染的综合影响。发现这三个因子及其互作对侵染均有明显的作用,在供试条件和范围内,其作用大小为DP > DT > N > DP×DT > DT×N > DP×N > DP×DT×N。并得出了侵染的适合条件范围。本文首次在稻瘟侵染的研究中应用了侵染几率的概念,组建了侵染几率因气象和栽培因子而变的预测式。