张掖祁连山水源林生态系统定位研究

祁连山水源涵养林生态系统定位研究了开始于１９７３年，经过２３年的努力，已建成了我国西北干旱区温带高山寒温性针叶林生态定位研究站，并与全国联网。“八五”期间主要开展了植物区系划分，森林植物群落结构，功能与动态，生物生产量，能量平衡，养分循环，水分循环等项目的研究，结果表明，祁连山抠系分为东段小区和西段小区，水源林总生物量为４１８７．７万ｔ，乔木层年净生产量为３．６７ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２．ａ＾－１地被物层为     

祁连山水源林生态系统结构与功能的研究

在祁连山水源涵养林区,围绕水源林生态系统结构与功能的动态变化,开展了森林小气候、森林水文生态效应的研究。结果表明,祁连山水源涵养林不仅具有拦蓄降水、缩小温差、保持较高土壤湿度等作用,而且具有十分显著的消洪补枯、涵养水源、保持水土的水文生态作用。森林覆被率６５％的流域比３２％的流域年枯水径流量增加２８８７ｍｍ,年洪水径流量减少９８８７ｍｍ;森林土壤贮水２９８１２～３９１９３ｍｍ,草地仅１８２０９ｍｍ;林地很少产生地表径流,草地年土壤流失量１７９３９ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２;高寒山区多年冻土与季冻土致使试验区河川径流系数高达０７３,蒸散较小为１５６５４ｍｍ;多年监测资料显示祁连山林分质量下降,冰川退缩,河川径流逐年减少,生态环境明显恶化,建议各级政府部门高度重视祁连山生态保护问题。     

海南西瓜三叶枯病的病原鉴定及室内药剂筛选试验

西瓜三叶枯病是海南省西瓜栽培过程中出现的一种严重的病害。通过对该病菌原培养特性，形态特征和寄主范围的测定，鉴定出西瓜三叶枯病的病原为极孢属。采用含毒介质法，进行了８种药剂对该菌的毒力测定。结果表明：扑海因和代森锰锌抑菌效果最好。     

Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low‐birthweight piglets

Selection for hyperprolific sows, as a means of increasing litter size and profit, has resulted in an increased number of low‐birthweight (LBW) piglets. These LBW piglets might suffer from increased morbidity and mortality during the early neonatal period. In addition, they show reduced growth performance, meat and carcass quality, which leads to an important economic loss for the farmer in the post‐natal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions can be undertaken to prevent and rear LBW piglets. In the first part of this review, the preventive strategies at the sow level will be discussed. Approaches in preventing LBW piglets are to optimize the intrauterine environment via supplementing the sow during gestation. In the second part of this review, the interventions at the piglet level will be described. To increase the survival and growth rates of LBW piglets, one must focus on ensuring adequate colostrum and milk intake. Interventions include supplementing piglets, split nursing, split weaning and cross‐fostering. Additional interventions increasing the probability of optimal post‐natal food intake will be discussed.     

影响PCR实验技术因素的分析与探讨简

本文根据笔者多年的PCR实验技术应用实践,对其影响因素进行了详细分析,从实验原理、反应体系组成与探讨,反应程序设计原则以及核酸提取等各步骤影响因素分别探讨,将各操作步骤注意事项进行阐述。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

Composition of Typical Soil Minerals and Quantitative Analysis for Influence of Iron and Manganese Forms on Purple Soil Color in Northeastern Sichuan,China

Eurasian Soil Science - Eight soil samples from the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation (J2s) in the Sichuan Basin, China, were taken as the research object to explore the correlation and quantitative...     

蔬菜安全生产管理与服务网络平台设计及实现

为了进一步推进蔬菜生产的安全化、信息化和现代化,促进蔬菜安全生产,该文以国家综合示范项目为基点,以国家蔬菜生产基地——寿光的专业数据为例,综合采用J2EE（Java2平台企业版,Java2 Platform-Enterprise Edition）技术、地理信息系统技术（GIS）、网络技术（Internet）、无线通讯技术、数据库技术（DBMS）以及可移动电话或手机GPS定位技术,研究、设计和建设了蔬菜安全生产管理与服务网络平台,包括基于WebGIS的蔬菜安全生产有线网络系统、基于GIS与无线通讯的氮肥平衡推荐系统和基于3DGIS的蔬菜安全生产可视化系统。该平台能够辅助政府机构实时对蔬菜的安全生产进行监控,提供决策依据,为蔬菜生产用户提供氮肥平衡推荐和蔬菜栽培技术指导,并将氮肥平衡推荐功能扩展到低端硬件手机用户,实现生产信息技术到田间地头的延伸。     

Characterization of a Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum Isolated from Snakehead,Channa striatus,Stomach

This study sought to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from stomach of adult snakehead fish, Channa striatus, to be used as probiotics for freshwater fish. A total of 13 strains were isolated from the stomach of 10 fish, and 4 of these belonged to LAB. Strain LAB‐3 showing highest in vitro growth inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila in a disk diffusion test was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum by conventional and molecular techniques and evaluated in vitro through various tests. The bacterium could grow at pH 3–8; but the optimum growth was observed at pH 6. Moreover, LAB‐3 grew at 0.15 and 0.3% bile salt concentrations, from 15 to 45 C, and at 4% NaCl. L. fermentum showed in vitro inhibitory activity against three fish pathogens, A. hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shewanella putrefaciens, tested by disk diffusion and well diffusion methods. Antibiotic sensitivity tests indicated that L. fermentum was resistant to streptomycin, gentamycin, and kanamycin, intermediate to tetracycline, but sensitive to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. Challenge test by using A. hydrophila showed that survival of snakehead was significantly (P < 0.05) improved when 2 × 10⁶ LAB‐3/g was supplemented to the diet. Therefore, this study suggests that L. fermentum might be a promising probiotic in snakehead aquaculture .     

A Novel and Reliable Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Lactoperoxidase Activity in Raw Milk

With 3, 3'5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) as the detection substrate, a reliable and highly selective method was established and optimized for the determination of Lactoperoxidase(LP) activity in raw milk. The method was based on the enzymatic reaction principle, where hydrogen peroxide oxidated TMB in the presence of LP. The optimized conditions of this assay system were obtained, consisting of 20 mmol · L~(-1) TMB solution, 0.6 mmol · L~(-1) hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 mol · L~(-1) Citric Acid(CA)/0.2 mol · L~(-1) disodium hydrogen phosphate(Na P) buffer(pH 4.8). TMB detection method was applied to the analysis of LP in milk samples with a practical working concentration range from 2 to 14 mg · L~(-1). The intra-and inter-batch variation coefficients were all below 5%, indicating a good repeatability. Confirmation test between TMB method and 2, 2-azinobi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) diammonium salt(ABTS) method was carried out, and the results of TMB assay were in accordance with that of ABTS method.