Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) powder and its water- and fat-soluble extracts (AWE and AFE) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, antioxidant status, and meat quality of lambs. A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs (5 months old; initial body weight = 34.8 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period. The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet (control, CON group), the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb (AMR group), the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb (AWE group), or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb (AFE group). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, and 60 in the feeding experiment (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected. Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR, AWE and AFE (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower albumin (P = 0.006), total protein (P = 0.006), globin (P = 0.025), and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.024) concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups. Similarly, a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.018) was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group, but not in other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.06) in AMR, AWE, and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group. Furthermore, significantly lower drip loss (P = 0.011) across the treatment groups and cooking loss (P = 0.048) were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses, but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.     

饲用荞麦在畜牧业中的应用与研究

荞麦(Fagopyrum esulentum)原产于中国,其栽培种甜荞和苦荞在世界各地已被广泛种植,我国西南地区蕴含着丰富的野生荞麦资源。荞麦营养丰富,除含有常见的蛋白质、纤维素和糖类外,还富含芦丁等抗氧化物质,具有耐瘠薄、抗病虫害、适应性强、生长迅速等优点,特别是一些野生种叶片大、叶量多,更适合于刈割,这些优点使其成为一种很具有发展潜力的优质牧草资源。但目前荞麦的饲用价值仍未得到充分的发掘与利用。本文着重介绍了荞麦在我国的栽培、饲用历史和现状,结合荞麦饲用于猪、反刍动物及家禽等方面的研究进展,分析了荞麦在饲用化发展中将面临的问题,并对其应用前景进行了评价与展望。     

防止养殖环节的病死猪流向餐桌的对策

多年来,各级畜牧兽医主管部门及其所属的监督机构不断加强对病死猪的专项整治,有效防止了病死猪流向餐桌现象的发生。但各级财政仅在屠宰环节给予病死猪损失补贴和无害化处理费用补贴,而忽略了养殖环节病死猪的损失补贴;环保、保险、食安、工商、畜牧、公安等部门间没形成无缝协作机制,这些都是造成养殖环节病死猪流向餐桌的隐患。提示政府应尽快制定养殖环节病死猪的损失补贴财政政策,加大整治力度,建立多部门协作机制,以防止养殖环节病死猪流向餐桌。     

种子接种法测定紫花苜蓿不同品种对三叶草核盘菌的抗性

本试验采用种子接种法就10个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种对三叶草核盘菌(Sclerotinia trifoliorum)的抗性进行了研究,根据接种后的种子萌发率、幼苗生长及幼苗干重三项指标的综合测定分析,供试品种中,游客和赛特受三叶草核盘菌影响最大,为高感品种;WL525和WL324受三叶草核盘菌影响最小,为高抗品种,其它6个品种介于两者之间,为中性材料。种子接种法便利、快捷,可以反映紫花苜蓿不同品种对三叶草核盘菌的抗性。     

传染病诊断方法的验证

诊断敏感性和特异性是诊断方法验证过程中的两个重要参数。本文通过分析和比较,详细阐述了诊断敏感性和特异性在动物检疫工作中的重要性,厘清了其与分析敏感性和特异性的区别。通过计算分析比较了不同流行率对检测结果可信度的影响,以及在同一流行率下,诊断敏感性和特异性变化对检测结果可信度的影响。结果显示,当流行率低时,诊断特异性对结果可信度的影响更大,诊断特异性的降低会导致阳性检测结果可信度显著下降。因此在进出境动物检疫工作中,不要一味强调分析特性,而要重视诊断特性;既要关注诊断敏感性,做到不漏检;也要关注诊断特异性,做到不误检。     

维生素C对快大型黄羽肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的影响

采取分组对比的方法(对照组,肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)发病组,维生素C治疗组)分别检测试验鸡只肝组织、肠黏膜、心肌线粒体中的NO含量和NOS的活性。结果显示,对于发生PHS的快大型黄羽肉鸡,其肝脏、心肌和肠黏膜线粒体NO含量呈现先显著上升后显著下降的变化趋势(P<0.05)。线粒体NOS活力的变化趋势则与NO一致。与对照组相比,维生素C治疗组各指标则呈现相反的变化,说明其能有效地阻止快大型黄羽肉鸡发生PHS这一过程。     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.     

大丰麇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性

2010年1～12月,采用样线法对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区内7种不同生境的鸟类进行了调查。结果如下:共记录到鸟类150种,分属16目43科,其中水鸟56种,分属7目12科。以密度划分鸟类优势种类,优势种21种,常见种53种,稀有种76种。鸟类的区系以广布种为主,占鸟类总数的48.67%,其次为古北界鸟类45种,占30%,东洋界鸟类32种,占21.33%。国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类14种,占鸟类总数的9.33%。5月和9月鸟类的种类和数量分别出现峰值,为鸟类迁徙的重要时期。不同生境鸟类多样性比较:阔叶林生境最高,为3.488,其次为荒地、狼尾草、白茅、农田、互花米草,多样性分别为3.293、3.185、3.184、3.030和2.857,鱼塘生境最低为2.679。不同季节鸟类多样性比较:春季最高,为3.711,其次为秋季、夏季,多样性分别为3.538和3.381,冬季最低为3.043。