基于能值的资源型城市新陈代谢过程对比分析

城市新陈代谢注重分析城市物质、能量和货币的流动过程,这为探讨不同职能城市的城市代谢过程提供了新的视角。为了探讨不同资源型城市的新陈代谢特点和变化规律,分别以山西省省会资源型城市太原市和传统资源型城市晋城市为例,基于太原市和晋城市2007—2014年的社会经济数据,运用能值理论构建了8项反映城市新陈代谢的评价指标体系,从城市新陈代谢系统能值结构、能值使用强度、能值环境压力和新陈代谢产出效率4个方面,对太原市和晋城市2007—2014年城市新陈代谢状况进行了对比分析。结果表明:2007—2014年,总体上,太原市的城市新陈代谢系统能值结构优于晋城市,晋城市的能值使用强度高于太原市,晋城市的能值环境压力大于太原市,太原市的新陈代谢产出效率高于晋城市。通过对比分析后对提高太原市和晋城市的城市新陈代谢过程提出了建议,为创造性地解决山西省新陈代谢资源与生态风险问题奠定基础,进而为城市生态管理提供科学依据。     

基于PSR-CPM模型的市域土地生态安全评价

以PSR模型为基础,构建目标层、准则、因素层和指标层4级评价体系,运用突变级数法（CPM）对2005—2014年晋城市土地生态安全水平进行了评价。结果表明:2005—2008年,晋城市土地生态安全水平呈上升趋势,达到临界安全状态;2008—2009年,土地生态安全呈下降趋势,降低到较不安全水平;2009—2013年,土地生态安全水平呈上升趋势,并稳定在较安全水平;2013—2014年土地生态安全水平略有下降趋势,再次降低到较不安全状态。2005—2008年的变化主要是晋城市开展造林工程和产业结构改革的结果;2008—2009年的变化主要是受经济危机和旱灾的影响;2009—2013年的变化主要是由于经济、粮食产量的恢复和工业污染得到有效控制;2013—2014年的变化主要是经济发展减缓和人口增长所造成的。针对主要限制因素,晋城市今后应更加注重产业结构转型,控制工业污染排放和增加农业灌溉设施这三个方面的工作。     

Proteome response of Monascus pilosus during rice starch limitation with suppression of monascorubramine production

For centuries, red mold rice has been made by fermentation of cooked rice with Monascus species. However, the influence of different carbon sources on the metabolism of Monascus cells remains unclear. We compared the proteome response of Monascus pilosus to replacement of the rice starch fraction with lactose during cultivation, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry to identify the proteins expressed. The results showed that cell growth and monascorubramine pigment formation of M. pilosus were sensitive to rice starch limitation during cultivation. A total of 12 proteins were identified with statistically altered expression in the cells cultivated with lactose. These deregulated proteins were involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, energy generation, protein folding, and peptide biosynthesis. The possible metabolic flux shifts induced by rice starch limitation were discussed. The results suggested that the suppression of monascorubramine formation could be related to the necessary energy-requiring adaptations executed in response to carbon depletion during rice starch limitation.     

模拟干旱胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种发芽能力的配合力与遗传效应分析

选择7个干旱胁迫下发芽能力不同的甘蓝型油菜品种进行完全双列杂交, 将亲本及F₁代种子在10% PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下发芽, 测定相对单株鲜重、相对茎长、相对成苗率、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和相对活力指数, 用Griffing I方法对发芽性状进行一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)遗传分析。结果表明, 一般配合力方差在42个组合间各性状达到了极显著水平, 特殊配合力方差在42个组合间除了相对活力指数外的各性状也达到了极显著水平。其中, 中双9号上述6性状的一般配合力效应值最高分别为0.0656、0.0708、0.1185、0.1048、0.1096和0.0861; 中双6号一般配合力效应虽然不高, 但其组合中双6号×西农长角和中双6号×中双10号的特殊配合力效应较高, 是耐旱性较强的组合。     

棉花RGAP、DGAP和DDRT标记的定位研究

 根据本实验室已克隆的RGAs和DGAs,设计48条RGAs和4条DGAs特异引物,以“海7124×TM-1”组合的BC₁群体为材料把5个RGAP和2个DGAP标记定位到棉花的染色体上;以一个高抗黄萎病陆地棉品系5026为材料,在接种黄萎病菌后不同时期提取根部RNA,用mRNA差异显示（DDRT-PCR）技术,获得164个差异片段,根据这些片段设计34对DDRT引物。用已构建好的“海7124×军棉1号”组合的F₂群体,将3个RGAP和5个DDRT定位到了相应的染色体上。用Joinmap3.0软件把两张连锁图谱整合为一张图谱,并将这些标记与抗黄萎病QTLs进行连锁分析。     

小麦抗白粉病基因来源及抗性评价的研究进展

小麦白粉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,应用抗病品种是防治该病十分经济、有效的措施。目前为止,小麦基因组中有41个位点的56个抗白粉病基因被标记和作图。本文详细叙述了小麦抗白粉病基因的来源及抗病基因利用,旨在为我国抗小麦白粉病分子育种提供参考。     

螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机的设计与试验分析

为解决现有胡椒鲜果脱皮机脱皮不彻底导致含杂率高、脱皮力不当导致果核破碎及果核保护膜破损导致白胡椒色泽不理想等问题,在分析现有胡椒机械加工工艺的基础上,研制出螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机。该机通过螺旋网面挤压胡椒鲜果,胡椒鲜果表皮在螺旋网面及容器内壁发生摩擦作用以完成脱皮。试验结果表明:螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机的脱皮率达93%以上,且果核损伤率低于3%,符合设计要求。     

Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity

An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis.     

发酵糟渣旋流闪蒸干燥及其热物性参数的快速测定

介绍了利用旋流闪蒸干燥器干燥发酵糟渣时，气流与物料间放热系数及糟渣物料热传导率、热扩散系数的简便快速测定方法。     

Purification and characterization of hydrolase with chitinase and chitosanase activity from commercial stem bromelain

A hydrolase with chitinase and chitosanase activity was purified from commercial stem bromelain through sequential steps of SP-Sepharose ion-exchange adsorption, HiLoad Superdex 75 gel filtration, HiLoad Q Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, and Superdex 75 HR gel filtration. The purified hydrolase was homogeneous, as examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme exhibited chitinase activity for hydrolysis of glycol chitin and 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-N,N',N' '-triacetylchitotrioside [4-MU-beta-(GlcNAc)(3)] and chitosanase activity for chitosan hydrolysis. For glycol chitin hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 4, an optimal temperature of 60 degrees C, and a K(m) of 0.2 mg/mL. For the 4-MU-beta-(GlcNAc)(3) hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 4 and an optimal temperature of 50 degrees C. For the chitosan hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 3, an optimal temperature of 50 degrees C, and a K(m) of 0.88 mg/mL. For hydrolysis of chitosans with various N-acetyl contents, the enzyme degraded 30-80% deacetylated chitosan most effectively. The enzyme split chitin or chitosan in an endo-manner. The molecular mass of the enzyme estimated by gel filtration was 31.4 kDa, and the isoelectric point estimated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was 5.9. Heavy metal ions of Hg(2+) and Ag(+), p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, and N-bromosuccinimide significantly inhibited the enzyme activity.