老年犬的养护

如果家里有一头老年犬,它一定陪伴你走过了好几个年头,在这么多年里它也许是你的精神寄托;有了它你的生活更快乐了,是它提高了你的生活品质。这个时候,它仍然在你的身旁,但它已经不像年轻时那样爱玩爱闹了,对事情的注意力、警惕性也有明显下降。这些都是不可避免的,你深爱的犬正在逐渐衰老。这个时候,它的需求正在变化,它对你的依赖越来越强,它需要你给它保持一个健康的身体和安逸的老年生沽。     

黑龙江省牧草育种研究现状及发展方向

20世纪80年代中期，我国草业在著名科学家钱学森先生的倡导下，提出了立草为业、发展草业、草业先行的科学论断，我国草业得到了迅速的发展，草的重要性和良好的生态效益功能受到了全社会的普遍重视和认同。但由于历史原因，我国农业受“重农轻牧”、畜牧业“重牧轻草”观念和决策失误的影响，使草地资源未得到合理的利用与开发，不合理的乱开垦造成大面积水土流失，草地生产力水平严重下降，生态环境恶化，连年持续干旱，水灾、草地“三化”、沙尘暴连续发生。引起的严重后果就是水草资源短缺，牧区草地大部分超载过牧50％以上，草地环境严重被破坏。现代化畜牧业要求必须以优质高产的饲草作保证，才能生产出优质的畜产品。     

非洲猪瘟病毒感染后猪外周血淋巴细胞Toll样受体信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA分析

【目的】丰富非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）感染后猪外周血淋巴细胞长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）表达谱,并进一步挖掘影响Toll样受体信号通路的调控网络。【方法】试验动物感染ASFV,于第7天采集外周血并分离得到外周血淋巴细胞,运用Illumina高通量组学测序对外周血淋巴细胞中lncRNA进行测序,原始数据经处理后筛选获得差异表达的lncRNA,并进行靶基因预测,利用生物信息学方法对靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG信号通路富集分析,初步绘制与Toll样受体信号通路相关的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,并对lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959在内的4个lncRNAs进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。【结果】共筛选到73个差异表达的lncRNAs,其中上调表达lncRNAs 38个,下调表达lncRNAs 35个。GO功能分析结果显示,靶基因显著富集在调节免疫系统过程、防御反应、生物刺激、病毒反应和先天性免疫;KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,大部分靶基因与细胞循环、疾病及免疫应答有关,其中免疫相关信号通路有Toll样受体信号通路、TNF信号通路、产生IgA的肠道免疫网络等。进一步挖掘出lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-RIPK1和lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-IRAK1可能是影响Toll样受体信号通路的重要调控网络,实时荧光定量RT-PCR与测序结果一致。【结论】本研究初步鉴定出lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-RIPK1和lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-IRAK1可能是影响Toll样受体信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,为进一步探索lncRNA调控ASFV感染机体免疫反应奠定了理论基础。     

冰草形态学与细胞学的研究

冰草(Agropyron cristatum)是异花授粉植物,种群内株丛间变异较大,存在着丰富的遗传多样性。研究表明,冰草形态方面存在多种变异类型,地下茎形成了疏丛型、疏丛-根茎型、根茎型3种类型;叶片表皮被毛有上下表皮均密被刺毛,上表皮被较密微毛、下表皮被较少微毛,上表皮被少微毛、下表皮光滑无毛变异类型;种子外稃有密被长柔毛、疏被短柔毛、光滑无毛变异类型。染色体研究查明,冰草染色体存在二倍体和四倍体2个倍性水平,二倍体冰草染色体为14条,核型公式为2n=14=10m(1sat)+4sm(2sat),核型类型为1A型;四倍体冰草染色体为28条,核型公式为2n=28=22m+6sm,核型类型为1A型。     

单播草坪匍匐翦股颖溶磷菌筛选及溶磷能力的初步研究

对西安地区单播草坪匍匐翦股颖根际联合固氮菌进行分离的基础上,采用PKO无机磷培养基和蒙金娜有机 培养基对匍匐翦股颖根际分离的联合固氮菌(共获得188种分离物)中具有溶磷能力的菌株(占29.3％),通过对菌株溶 磷圈大小的测定,最终筛选出溶磷能力较强菌株4株,分离物溶解无机磷D/d值在1.324~3.014之间;而溶解有机磷的能力 在1.239~2.156之间。     

我国兔毛品质研究状况的探讨

通过对兔毛纤维类型、物理特性和结构特征的分析,并与相关动物纤维作比较,探讨了兔毛在纺织上的应用价值。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs: owners' perspectives on management with phenobarbitone and/or potassium bromide

OBJECTIVES: To explore seizure management from the perspective of the owners of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to owners of 29 dogs under management for suspected or diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy through the clinics of the Small Animal Hospital of the University of Glasgow Veterinary School, using either phenobarbitone or potassium bromide alone or in combination. RESULTS: The postal survey had an 86 per cent response rate. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that "the dog's quality of life", "adequate seizure frequency" and "acceptable side effects of antiepileptic drugs" were the three greatest concerns for owners; 52 per cent of owners strongly agreed that the seizure management for their dog was adequate, though the seizure frequency reported varied within this group; the majority of owners did not consider the administration of medication a nuisance. However, approximately 60 per cent of owners reported that caring for an epileptic dog had an effect on the organisation of their free time, though this was not dependent on perception of seizure control. Opinions as to the value of further diagnostic procedures, in particular intracranial imaging, were significantly affected by having pet health insurance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: From the owners' perspective, adequacy of seizure control is determined by the balance between "the dog's quality of life", "adequate seizure frequency" and "acceptable side effects of antiepileptic drugs". A frequency of less than one seizure every three months is associated with the perception by owners of adequate seizure control.     

口蹄疫病毒Asial/JS/China/2005株基因组全长感染性克隆的构建

利用长距离RT-PCR技术扩增病毒基因组3'端覆盖口蹄疫病毒Asial/JS/China/2005株近全长的3个片段(共约7.5 kb),并利用单一酶切位点将其分别克隆到pBlueseriptSK+载体上.利用融合PCR扩增到基因组5'端含有15个C碱基的基因片段(约700 bp),并将其连接至pGEM-T载体.最后将这4个片段的阳性克隆装配至剔除T7启动子的低拷贝载体pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)中构建该病毒株的全长cDNA克隆.以构建的FMDV Asial/JS/China/2005株全长cDNA为模板,使用TTRNA聚合酶在体外转录得到病毒RNA,通过脂质体将其导入BHK细胞获得拯救病毒.对收获的病毒分别用RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光、电子显微镜观察和乳鼠致病性分析结果证实,通过体外转录获得了具有感染性的口蹄疫病毒.该株感染性克隆的构建为深入研究口蹄疫病毒的致病机制及研制新型疫苗等奠定了基础.     

新型鸭肝炎病毒全基因组序列分析

为了解新型鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)基因组变异情况,本研究将广东地区分离到的1株,山东地区分离到的2株与1型DHV(DHV-1)无抗原交叉性的新型DHV(N-DHV)全基因组序列测定的结果进行了分析。结果表明,N-DHV基因组全长7786nt～7788nt,仅有一个ORF,其结构具有典型的微RNA病毒科病毒基因组特征。ORF编码一个2251aa的聚合蛋白,该蛋白经3Cpro切割产生3个结构蛋白(VP0、VP3、VP1)和8个非结构蛋白(2A1、2A2、2B、2C、3A、3B、3C、3D)。与其他N-DHV毒株及DHV-1的抗原性相关VP1蛋白氨基酸序列比对表明,3株病毒之间及与国内分离的N-DHVG株的同源性均在98%以上,与韩国N-DHV同源性均大于92%,与中国台湾地区N-DHV同源性为80.1%～80.9%,与DHV-1的同源性为76.9%～77.3%。3株病毒与韩国N-DHVVP1氨基酸差异位点主要集中在C-端的高变异区。依据微RNA病毒科人肠病毒属血清型分型标准,GD株、SD01株、SD02株与韩国N-DHV和G株属于同一血清型,而与DHV-1和中国台湾地区新型DHV属于不同的血清型。