Collaborative validation of the QuEChERS procedure for the determination of pesticides in food by LC-MS/MS

Seven FDA pesticide laboratories collaborated to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method to determine 173 pesticides in <20 min. The average determination coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all but two compounds tested. The limits of detection were <20 ng/mL for all compounds and <10 ng/mL for 363 of the 368 transitions reported. The method was used to determine pesticides in two AOAC sponsored proficiency samples. The LC-MS/MS determination was used for the analysis of oranges, carrots and spinach using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method. Each matrix was fortified at 20, 100, 400, and 1000 ng/g. No false positive responses were detected in controls of the three matrices. 165 pesticides had recoveries between 70 and 130%, and 161 had minimum detection levels less than 10 ng/g. Recoveries of 169 compounds for the 1000 ng/g spikes were within 50-150%. A matrix effect study indicated all three matrices caused a small net suppressing effect, the most pronounced attributable to the citrus matrix. The procedure proved to be accurate, precise, linear, sensitive and rugged, and adds 100 pesticides to the scope of the FDA pesticide program.     

Single-run electrochemical determination of melamine in dairy products and pet foods

A simple electrochemical approach, which does not require any expensive and complex instruments, is established for the selective and quantitative recognition of melamine in diary products and pet foods. During a preconcentration step (at 1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl), the formation of a polymer film from melamine on a preanodized screen-printed carbon electrode was identified by SEM and XPS. The as-formed polymer was found to be electroactive with a reversible redox peak, and hence square-wave voltammetry was applied to further increase the detection sensitivity to meet the detection limit for application in real sample analysis. Simply with a medium exchange procedure, melamine was selectively detected with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.8 μM (i.e., 98.3 ppb) by square-wave voltammetry. Lower than 1 ppm of melamine in real samples can be easily detected with good recoveries of 98.7-100.9% by the proposed approach. The recovery tests established for external calibration and standard addition techniques verified that the analysis can be done in a single-run measurement.     

近红外光谱法快速鉴定干海参产地

该文采用近红外漫反射光谱法,对来自4个不同产地的96个干刺参样品,进行了产地鉴别分析。研究表明：在5 000～4 000 cm-1 波段,干海参样品具有丰富的光谱结构,且反映出了由于海参生长环境不同带来的差异性;对该波段的一次微分光谱数据进行主成分聚类（PCCA）计算,可成功实现对其产地的鉴定分析。该研究为动物性海洋食品的产地快速鉴别分析提供了新方法。     

乌梁素海水质指标的主成分分析

本文采用主成分分析法对乌梁素海水体的污染程度进行定量化评价，结合前期实测数据，利用Matlab软件，分析出影响乌梁素海水质的主要指标为总氮、总磷、溶解氧、化学需氧量、pH、五日生化需氧量和叶绿素，并分析了污染程度。分析结果与实际相符，具有一定的可靠性和实用性。     

太白山北坡基带土壤发生特性及系统分类

根据野外调查资料和典型土壤剖面理化性质室内化验数据综合分析表明，太白山北坡基带土壤腐殖质累积较弱，淋溶作用中等，土壤溶液呈中性反应，阳离子代换能力强，盐基饱和度高；剖面分化发育好，形成具有典型硅铝特性的粘化Ｂ层，铁的游离度低而活化度高，土壤风化弱，发育程度较低。基带土壤属于系统分类中的简育干润淋溶土土类、普通简育干润淋溶土亚类。     

2016—2020年宁夏彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫抗体监测数据分析

为了解彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平,收集彭阳县2016—2019年的牛羊抗体春秋集中监测数据和2020年春季牛羊抗体监测数据,进行时间、空间和群间分布描述。结果显示：2016春季牛O型和A型口蹄疫及羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平,2018年春季牛羊O型和A型口蹄疫抗体水平及2019年春季羊小反刍兽疫抗体水平较低,其他时间集中监测的抗体水平均超过70%;近5年来彭阳县牛口蹄疫抗体水平总体呈现上升趋势,羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体水平基本保持平稳;O型口蹄疫抗体水平整体上高于A型（P＜0.001）;牛规模场和牛散养户间的口蹄疫抗体水平没有差异（P＞0.050）,而羊规模场和羊散养户间的口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫抗体水平差异显著（P＜0.010）。结果表明,彭阳县牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫效果整体较好,但仍有部分期间的免疫效果较差。建议加强对动物防疫社会化服务机构的监管,持续做好基层动物防疫人员的免疫技术培训,逐步提高牛羊规模化养殖水平。本研究掌握了彭阳县近5年来的牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫的免疫状况,找出了存在的问题,提出了今后的工作重点,为该地做好重大动物疫病防控,保障畜牧业健康发展提供了参考。     

Ascorbic acid ameliorates dysregulated folliculogenesis induced by mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal mouse ovaries via reducing ovarian oxidative stress

Phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are common industrial chemicals in the environment. Recent evidence indicates that DEHP and its active metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) negatively modulate reproductive functions and induce reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a dietary requirement for primates, and it acts as a potent free radical scavenger to protect tissues against oxidative stress. In this study, to investigate the toxic effects of MEHP on the follicle development and the beneficial role of AA, neonatal mouse ovaries were treated with different concentrations of MEHP with or without AA for 6 days. Then, the follicle constitution and oxidative status were compared in different groups. Results showed MEHP accelerated primordial follicle recruitment by increasing the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and decreasing the percentage of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Moreover, MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress by significantly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the expression of GSS and SOD1. When ovaries were co-administrated with MEHP and AA, follicle constitution was normalized, and the oxidative status was significantly decreased. These results suggested that AA ameliorated MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress and follicular dysregulation, which attested the clinical significance of AA for ovary protection in the case of MEHP exposure.     

发芽状况及热处理对小麦种子活力的影响

以２个小麦品种（系）为材料,研究不同发芽史及热处理对小麦种子活力的影响。结果表明：随发芽程度加深,小麦种子活力依次降低。浅度发芽（露白）的种子活力与对照差别不大,可作种用。保持发芽小麦种子活力的热处理安全温度为４０℃,４０℃热处理浅度发芽（露白）是保持发芽小麦种子活力的安全指标。就对芽麦种子活力伤害而言,高温高湿处理远大于发芽时间的延长。