有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

粗糙对矿用排水泵轴功率的影响分析

矿用排水泵是矿山排水设备的重要组成成分之一,用于将采矿过程中随时涌入的矿井水排除.本文通过对矿井排水管路流动阻力损失的分析,说明了流动阻力损失与粗糙度之间的关系,并由矿用排水泵的扬程、有用功率、轴功率与流动阻力损失间的函数方程,反映出粗糙对矿用排水泵轴功率的影响.指出了矿山排水系统在使用中应当注意的问题,并提出了相应的处理措施.     

野马追克喘散治疗猪呼吸道疾病效果试验

目的：应用野马追克喘散新兽药对呼吸道综合征进行临床疗效试验,为推广野马追克喘散提供科学依据。方法：将自然感染、症状典型、猪呼吸道综合征的140头病猪（杜长大三元杂交）,平均体重20～25kg,随机分为7个组,每组20头,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用野马追克喘散治疗,分别以高、中、低剂量给药;第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别用麻杏石甘散、金花平喘散以常规剂量给药;Ⅵ、Ⅶ组以硫酸卡那霉素注射液（0.2mL/kg体重）和泰乐菌素（0.4mL/kg体重）以常规剂量给药。结果：野马追克喘散的治疗效果较麻杏石甘散和金花平喘散治疗效果好,治愈率也达93.3%。结论：野马追克喘散治疗猪气喘咳嗽疗效较高,收效较快,维持时间较长,是较理想的药物。     

浅议我国对流浪动物的管理

我国宠物数量的快速增长,带来庞大了的流浪动物群。流浪动物群体的不断增长不仅影响着城市面貌,也给社会公共卫生安全埋下了隐患,引起了广泛的社会关注。通过研究我国流浪动物现状及不同国家和地区对流浪动物的立法及管理措施,针对我国流浪动物存在的隐患和管理问题,探讨我国流浪动物的管理措施和对策,以提高我国流浪动物管理水平,维护公共卫生安全。     

青海省海南地区近30年≥0 ℃积温变化趋势分析

积温是作物与品种特性的重要指标之一,对积温农业气象重要指标的研究,对于指导农牧业生产具有十分重要的现实意义。本研究通过利用青海省海南藏族自治州共和、兴海、贵南、同德和贵德5县气象站的地面观测资料,对该地区近30年来≥0 ℃年积温的变化,主要农作物、牧草生育期的变化及其生育期≥0 ℃的积温变化做了分析,得出该地区大部分农作物及牧草的生育期有所缩短,开始期有所提前。由于近10年该地区升温明显,热量条件充足,各地≥0 ℃年积温有所增加,农作物及牧草发育期的积温增多,为该地区农作物及牧草的生长发育提供了充足的热量条件,对于该地区适时调整农牧业结构提供了依据。     

快速ELISA诊断猪旋毛虫病的研究

在快速间接ELISA中将被检血清样品和酶结合物一起保温。既简化了操作步骤,又比常规ELISA缩短了30～90分钟。通过对猪旋毛虫病阴阳性血清检测,表明该方法敏感性为93.62％,特异性为96.88％。为猪旋毛虫病捉供了一种快速诊断方法。     

广西田东县作登林区珍稀濒危野生动物资源初步调查

2011年3—7月,采用样线调查、访问调查、市场调查以及查询资料等调查方法对广西田东县作登林区的珍稀濒危野生脊椎动物进行了调查。结果显示,作登林区有珍稀濒危野生动物约47种,占该林区野生动物216种的21．8％。其中,两栖类1种,爬行类13种,鸟类20种,兽类13种,有国家级重点保护野生动物27种,CITES附录物种29种,《中国物种红色名录》中受胁物种24种。在珍稀濒危野生动物中,常见种12种,少见种22种,稀有种13种。     

Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l ‐lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid‐preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.     

Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance,egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens

ABSTRACT

1. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cereal types (maize or wheat) and feed forms (pelleted or mash feed) on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices in laying hens.

2. Three hundred and sixty hens (Jinghong No. 1) at 18 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates of 15 hens per replicate according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with two cereal types (maize or wheat) and two feed forms (pelleted or mash feed).

3. Compared with the wheat-based diet, the maize-based diet improved (P < 0.05) average egg weight of laying hens. Yolk colour of hens fed with the maize-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to those fed the wheat-based diet, while Haugh units were lower (P < 0.05) for the maize-based treatment. Egg mass and average daily feed intake of hens fed the pelleted diet were higher (P < 0.05) than of those fed the mash diet. However, the mash diet improved (P < 0.05) yolk colour compared with the pelleted diet. The percentage of dirty eggs for the wheat-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) than for the maize-based diet. The percentage of dirty eggs was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the pelleted diet compared with those fed the mash diet. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and feed form, with regard to average egg weight and shell thickness.

4. In conclusion, dietary cereal type affected average egg weight, yolk colour and Haugh units in eggs, while feed form influenced egg mass, average daily feed intake and yolk colour.     

罗非鱼湖病毒病传入风险分析

为评估罗非鱼湖病毒（tilapia lake virus,TiLV）跨境传入风险,按照OIE传入风险评估框架,从危害识别、风险评估及风险管理3个方面,开展了TiLV跨境传入风险分析,并提出了相应的风险控制措施。分析认为：活的敏感鱼类（包括亲鱼、鱼卵和鱼苗）,用做鲜活饵料的鱼类（野杂鱼）及冰冻和冰鲜的敏感鱼类（包括去除内脏的鱼肉）TiLV传入风险较高,而敏感鱼加工类产品、非敏感鱼类（包括活的和其他形式的产品）及运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等传入风险较低。建议不从疫区进口高风险产品,对于低风险产品可以自由贸易,而对运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等要进行强制常规消毒。