Cryopreservation of filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis Gunther, 1877) sperm

The present study examined the possibility of long‐term storage, by cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, of the sperm of filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis). Changes in motility, survival rate, ultrastructure and fertilization rate of the sperm after freezing and thawing were tested. For selection of the immobilizing solution, artificial seawater (ASW) of 250, 350 and 450 mOsmol kg^?1 were tested. Sperm motility was significantly inhibited in 350 mOsmol kg^?1 ASW, and restored entirely after 100% ASW (1200 mOsmol kg^?1) was added. Two cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol, were employed. The sperm was diluted at the ratio of 1:6 with the extenders, and frozen at a freezing rate of ?40°C min^?1 to ?100°C after equilibration for 10 min at room temperature, followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen. The highest post‐thawed sperm motility and survival rate were obtained with 5% glycerol. Afterwards, the effect of different freezing rates was examined using 5% glycerol as a cryoprotectant, and the rate of ?30°C min^?1 to ?100°C showed the best result.     

Effect of salinity on survival, growth, oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

In this study, we tested the lower salinity tolerance of juvenile shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) at a relatively low temperature (20 °C). In the first of two laboratory experiments, we first abruptly transferred shrimps (6.91 ± 0.05 g wet weight, mean ± SE) from the rearing salinity (35 000 mg L^?1) to salinities of 5000, 15 000, 25 000, 35 000 (control) and 40 000 mg L^?1 at 20 °C. The survival of L. vannamei juvenile was not affected by salinities from 15 000 to 40 000 mg L^?1 during the 96‐h exposure periods. Shrimps exposed to 5000 mg L^?1 were significantly affected by salinity, with a survival of 12.5% after 96 h. The 24‐, 48‐ and 96‐h lethal salinity for 50% (LS₅₀) were 7020, 8510 and 9540 mg L^?1 respectively. In the second experiment, shrimps (5.47 ± 0.09 g wet weight, mean ± SE) were acclimatized to the different salinity levels (5000, 15 000, 25 000, 35 000 and 40 000 mg L^?1) and then maintained for 30 days at 20 °C. Results showed that the survival was significantly lower at 5000 mg L^?1 than at other salinity levels, but the final wet weight under 5000 mg L^?1 treatment was significantly higher than those under other treatments (P<0.05). Feed intake (FI) of shrimp under 5000 mg L^?1 was significantly lower than those of shrimp under 150 00–40 000 mg L^?1; food conversion efficiency (FCE), however, showed a contrasting change (P<0.05). Furthermore, salinity significantly influenced the oxygen consumption rates, ammonia‐N excretion rates and the O/N ratio of test shrimps (P<0.05). The results obtained in our work provide evidence that L. vannamei juveniles have limited capacity to tolerate salinities <10 000 mg L^?1 at a relatively low temperature (20 °C). Results also show that L. vannamei juvenile can recover from the abrupt salinity change between 15 000 and 40 000 mg L^?1 within 24 h.     

Numerical simulation of NO and N2O emission in fluidized bed reactor

Both NO and N2O emission in fluidized bed reactor are studied by numerical simulation. The effects of excess air ratio, coal composition and co combustion of coal and biomass are researched. The results show that NO and N2O are the main products of the NOx in the fluidized bed reactor combustion, and the emission of NO and N2O increases with the excess air ratio increasing. The NOx production has strong relationship with coal composition. The nitrogen content of the coal plays an important role in the production of NO and N2O, as well as oxygen to nitrogen mass ratio and hydrogen to nitrogen mass ratio. In the co combustion process of coal and biomass, carboxyl group have remarkable effect on HCN production, which reduces the content of NO and NO2. The co combustion of coal and biomass can reduce the emission of NO and N2O.     

热应激条件下猪的营养调控技术

养猪业主常采用改造猪舍、加强通风、加装其他降温设备等措施来减少热应激,这些措施在一定程度上缓解了热应激,但投资大,存在很多弊端;实践证明用营养调控来适应热应激是一种既节约又可行的方法。     

Desorption of H from Si(111) by resonant excitation of the Si-H vibrational stretch mode

Past efforts to achieve selective bond scission by vibrational excitation have been thwarted by energy thermalization. Here we report resonant photodesorption of hydrogen from a Si(111) surface using tunable infrared radiation. The wavelength dependence of the desorption yield peaks at 0.26 electron volt: the energy of the Si-H vibrational stretch mode. The desorption yield is quadratic in the infrared intensity. A strong H/D isotope effect rules out thermal desorption mechanisms, and electronic effects are not applicable in this low-energy regime. A molecular mechanism accounting for the desorption event remains elusive.     

多相混输泵输送技术在油田的应用

多相混输泵输送技术是近几年发展较快的一项新技术，概述了混输泵应用的意义及试验情况，对混输泵试验的结果及设计安装中的有关问题进行了分析和讨论，，介绍了多相混输泵现场应用效果和经验。     

中国农产品消费的形态特征、关注度与农产品质的安全供给分析

多样化、精细化、营养化、生态化已逐步成为中国居民农产品消费重要的形态特征。在中国,目前农产品量的安全供给虽然也面临一些问题,但总体上已基本解决,而质的安全供给成为消费者最为关注的问题。影响中国农产品质的安全供给的主要因素是水与耕地资源质量的下降,以及农药、化肥等化学品的过量使用。同时水、耕地资源质量问题与化学品投入等因素又相互交叉,相当复杂。解决中国农产品质的安全供给将是一个长期的过程,有待于全社会的共同努力。     

管理干部学院培训师队伍建设初探

加强培训师队伍建设是管理干部学院发展的基础.我院的培训师主要有两种类型:一种主要是承担统筹管理、项目规划及战略制定的角色;另一种主要是承担专业培训、教学设计与咨询、专业培训者的角色.干部教育培训师要求具备三个层级的能力,即通用能力、业务能力和管理能力.加强管理干部学院培训师队伍建设,要建设良好的学院文化、形成重视学习发展的氛围,细化培训师能力标准、建立培训师素质能力模型,制定科学合理的培训规划、制度及保障机制,并促进培训师加强自主学习,重视开放交流.     

论农村大学新生人际交往的不适与调节

健康的人际交往,在人才健康成长的过程中起着不容忽视的作用。农村大学新生人际交往的不适,多与经济拮据、自尊心过强、身无特长、自卑心过重、环境急剧变化难以适应、毕业后就业困难等因素密切相关,不及时解决可能会引起他们身心状态的失调。提出了农村大学新生摆脱人际交往不适状态,适应大学生活的方法。     

国际EPCC项目运行管理中存在的问题

以苏丹六区项目运行过程中出现的问题为依据,按照项目运行管理流程,详细分析了国内承包商在国际EPCC项目运行管理过程中基础数据资料、供货商名单、文件批复流程、项目各参与方沟通方式和项目运行管理程序等方面所出现的问题及存在的隐患,总结了从项目招投标阶段至投产试运行的整个过程中承包商在基础资料收集、招标文件响应、总承包和分包合同管理及项目运行流程管理等方面应当注意的细节问题.在国际EPCC项目中,承包商应认真研读招标文件和合同文本,规范项目管理模式和流程,细化分工,明确权责,以期尽可能在此类项目运行管理中规避风险、消除隐患,达到项目预期收益.