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82.
不同改良剂对铅污染砖红壤的修复效果 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在未污染的花岗岩砖红壤中加入重金属Pb,平衡两周后在污染土壤上施用不同水平的钙镁磷肥、牛粪、钙镁磷肥+牛粪等改良剂,以小白菜作为指示作物,根据小白菜生长动态变化和收获后生物量、Pb吸收量、土壤pH、土壤中有效Pb含量等理化性质的差异,来评价各种改良剂对Pb污染砖红壤的改良效果,以便为海南花岗岩砖红壤Pb污染修复提供理论依据。实验结果表明:各改良剂对Pb污染土壤都有一定的修复效果,不同程度的减轻了小白菜的毒害症状,其中钙镁磷肥与牛粪配施处理效果最好,该处理的小白菜不仅生物量高,而且Pb含量较低;其次是钙镁磷肥处理,而改良效果最差的是牛粪,其植株叶片不仅稍有黄化症状,且Pb含量较高 相似文献
83.
Y. B. Wang P. T. Wu X. N. Zhao J. L. Li L. Lv & H. B. Shao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(1):55-65
The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation. 相似文献
84.
85.
客车车架的动态特性是影响整车振动舒适性的关键因素。为探讨纵横梁结构对某轻型客车车架动态特性的影响,建立车架的研究性模型,对研究性模型进行多种方案的计算分析,综合各方案的计算结果,确定影响车架动态特性最大的结构特征,以此为基础对原车架进行改进,提高了车架的模态频率。计算结果表明,该研究方法简便有效,可推广应用于对其它结构的研究。 相似文献
86.
87.
Climacteric Fuji apples were treated with 10 microL x L(-1) MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), 2 mmol x L(-1) MJ (methyl jasmonate), or a combination of 10 microL x L(-1) MCP and 2 mmol x L(-1) MJ. Fruit were kept at 20 degrees C for 15 days after treatment. Production of ethylene and other volatile compounds was measured prior to and 3, 7, 11, and 15 days after treatment. Ethylene production decreased 3 days following MJ treatment and then increased. MCP treatment alone or in combination with MJ inhibited ethylene production. MJ and MCP inhibited production of many volatile alcohols and esters. The production of individual alcohols and esters appears to be differentially inhibited by MJ or MCP. MJ and MCP inhibited not only production of alcohols but also formation of esters from alcohols. 相似文献
88.
Determination of chlorate and chlorite and mutagenicity of seafood treated with aqueous chlorine dioxide. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J Kim M R Marshall W X Du W S Otwell C I Wei 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(9):3586-3591
The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) as a potential substitute for aqueous chlorine to improve the quality of seafood products has not been approved by regulatory agencies due to health concerns related to the production of chlorite (ClO(2)(-)) and chlorate (ClO(3)(-)) as well as possible mutagenic/carcinogenic reaction products. Cubes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and red grouper (Epinephelus morio) were treated with 20 or 200 ppm aqueous chlorine or ClO(2) solutions for 5 min, and extracts of the treated fish cubes and test solutions were checked for mutagenicity using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. No mutagenic activity was detected in the treated fish samples or test solutions with ClO(2). Only the sample treated with 200 ppm chlorine showed weak mutagenic activity toward S. typhimurium TA 100. No chlorite residue was detected in sea scallops, mahi-mahi, or shrimp treated with ClO(2) at 3.9-34.9 ppm. However, low levels of chlorate residues were detected in some of the treated samples. In most cases, the increase in chlorate in treated seafood was time- and dose-related. 相似文献
89.
Adsorption of sulphate and fluoride by variable charge soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The adsorption of sulphate and fluoride by three variable charge soils was studied. Adsorption increased with increase in the amount of sulphate added at constant p H, and decreased with increase of p H.
The ratios of the amount of released OH− to that of the adsorbed SO2- 4 at pH 5–0 were 0.12, 0.14 and 0.20 for the three soils, respectively, much lower than the corresponding OH− /F− ratios which ranged from 0.3 to 1.0. For a ferric acrisol the OH− released accounted, on average, for only 15% of the SO2- 4 adsorbed, leaving more than 60% to be explained by the decrease in positive charge and the increase in negative charge carried by the soil. 相似文献
The ratios of the amount of released OH
90.
Soil nutrient changes due to land use changes in Northern China: a case study in Zunhua County, Hebei Province 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract. Since the 1980s, land use in rural areas of China has changed greatly as the result of political initiatives. These changes have caused soil nutrient changes which are examined in this paper for Zunhua County, northern China from 1980 to 1999. The areas of farmland, grassland, and paddy decreased greatly and were replaced by increases in forest and residential land. The soils under forest in 1999 transformed from farmland in 1980 increased in organic matter by 21%, total nitrogen by 18%, available nitrogen by 65%, available phosphorus by 17% and available potassium by 17%. Similarly, in the area which was converted from farmland in 1980 to grassland in 1999, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 38%, 37%, 71%, 2% and 28%, respectively. Changes from farmland to forest and grassland not only changed land cover but also improved soil fertility and probably reduced soil nutrient losses. 相似文献