甘孜藏牛mtDNA 基因组遗传多样性分析

［目的］探究甘孜藏牛的mtDNA基因组遗传多样性与母系起源。［方法］采用mtDNA全基因组序列比对及生物信息学方法。［结果］结果显示：在28头甘孜藏牛mtDNA 基因组中,共检测到1232个变异位点,确定了22种单倍型,其单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.98820±0.00010,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.02420±0.00003,表明甘孜藏牛具有丰富的母系遗传多样性。系统发育树和网络分布图表明,28头甘孜藏牛mtDNA基因组包括4种母系支系,分别为普通牛的T2、T3与T4支系,还有牦牛支系,其中T2支系占7.14%,T3支系占64.29%,T4支系占3.57%,牦牛支系占25 %。［结论］甘孜藏牛具有较丰富的母系遗传多样性,为普通牛母系起源,但与牦牛有杂交。     

高油酸花生增硒高产栽培技术

高油酸花生的油酸含量大于75%,抗氧化性强,营养价值、保健价值及经济价值高。硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,具有增加人体免疫力、预防心血管疾病、排毒解毒等功效。人体内的硒元素只能通过食物获取,因此人体必须补充含硒元素的食物。在缺硒地块中生长的植物硒含量低,人工外源施硒可增加植物中硒元素含量。总结出一种高油酸花生增硒高产栽培技术,使高油酸花生兼具富硒特点,增加其经济价值。     

优质甘薯新品种齐宁19 号的高效栽培技术

齐宁19号是济宁市农业科学研究院以龙薯9号为母本经放任授粉系统选育而成的淀粉、鲜食兼用型甘薯新品种,具有高产稳产、抗病性好、食味优等特点。2022年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号为GPD甘薯（2022）370054;2023年获得植物新品种权,品种权号为CNA20201002577。主要介绍了齐宁19号的品种特征特性、产量表现及配套轻简化栽培技术等,以期为其推广应用提供技术参考。     

跨膜蛋白VRAC的结构及生物学功能研究进展

跨膜蛋白是一类位于细胞膜上的重要蛋白质,对于维持细胞稳态和调节细胞的生长发育具有关键作用,因此一直受到广泛研究。本文将介绍一种重要的跨膜蛋白——体积调节阴离子通道（Volume Regulated Anion Channel, VRAC）,并全面综述其分子结构特征和多个生理功能,旨在为后续研究工作提供参考。     

干旱胁迫对北苍术种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫,探究其对北苍术种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响。分别以 5%、10%、15%、20%、25% 浓度的 PEG-6000 溶液对内蒙古赤峰和河北承德的北苍术种子进行处理,分析种子的萌发时间、发芽势、发芽率、根长、茎长和呼吸速率指标变化;发芽后模拟自然干旱,探究其对幼苗光合速率的影响。结果表明,河北种子的萌发时间比内蒙古种子短;内蒙古种子和河北种子的发芽率随着干旱胁迫的加剧先升高后降低,在 10% 干旱胁迫下,种子的发芽率最高,内蒙古种子为 49.97%,河北种子为 80.00%;在 25% 干旱胁迫下,种子的发芽率最低,内蒙古种子的发芽率为 6.67%,河北种子的发芽率为 31.07%。2 种种子的发芽势、根长、茎长和呼吸速率均随着干旱胁迫的加剧逐渐降低,但整体上河北种子的降低程度小于内蒙古种子。自然干旱胁迫 6d 后,北苍术幼苗的光合速率降低。     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

浅析建筑物墙体、防水层渗漏及防治措施

分析了建筑物墙体及防水层渗漏的原因,并论述了防治措施;强调施工中应加强管理,坚持“质量第一”的原则。     

银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

高光谱遥感森林叶面积指数估测研究现状

文中简要概述了叶面积指数和高光谱遥感的概念, 分析比较了高光谱遥感与传统的宽波段遥感估测森林叶面积指数的优势, 以及利用高光谱遥感数据估测森林叶面积指数的常用方法, 并对目前高光谱遥感估测森林叶面积指数存在的问题行了讨论。