一株惊纹地老虎幼虫颗粒体病毒的研究

1978年春,在新疆博湖从惊纹地老虎Agrotis exclamationis(Linné)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)幼虫中发现一株病毒“Ae—02”,病毒颗粒体为卵形或卵圆形,大小为374～780×312～450nm,平均为578×412nm;病毒粒子杆状,两端钝圆,不弯曲或稍弯曲,大小为350～450×40～65nm,平均为395×50nm。该病毒对惊纹地老虎和黄地老虎A.segetum(Schiff.)幼虫致病力强。在日平均温度为24.2℃时,对1日龄惊纹地老虎幼虫感病19天后死亡率达96～100%;25天后10日龄幼虫死亡率达84～92%;对15日龄幼虫死亡率为73.96～80.96%。惊纹地老虎病毒“Ae—02”毒株,属杆状病毒科Baculoviridae,杆状病毒属Baculovirus,“B”亚组,定名为惊纹地老虎颗粒体病毒Agrotis excula-mationis granulosis virus,俗名鸣夜蛾颗粒体病毒,拉丁学名为Baculovirusexclamationis“B”,简称AeGV。     

Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h⁻¹) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.     

加大建设新农村的农业财政投资力度研究

农业是维持我国社会稳定和国民经济持续健康发展的基础产业，农业具有“准公共产品”属性，决定了政府必须介入农业领域进行投资与保护，农业财政投资与农业发展密切相关。论文在对财政支持与农业发展理论思考的基础上，针对当前我国农业财政投资的现状和存在的问题进行了研究，对产生问题的宏观制度性根源进行了分析，并提出了相应的政策措施。     

山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

护理管理者领导力现状调查及影响因素分析

目的：调查护理管理者领导力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用管理者实践量表、一般自我效能感量表、职业倦怠量表、角色认知量表对浙江省210名护理管理者进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷210份,回收有效问卷182份,有效回收率为86．67％。本组护理管理者的领导力得分为（37．70±5．30）分;是否经常阅读管理书籍、是否参与护士长的分层培训、任命方式以及是否经过护士长岗前培训的护理管理者的领导力得分情况比较,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为－3．608,－7．136,2．343,－2．511;P＜0．05）。领导力与角色认知中的角色模糊、自我效能感以及职业倦怠中的个人成就感均呈正相关,与角色认知中的角色冲突以及职业倦怠中的情绪枯竭、去人格化因子呈负相关（ r值分别为0．589,0.521,0．509,－0．323,－0．291,－0．227;P＜0．01）。多元线性回归分析显示,角色认知中的角色模糊因子、是否参加护士长分层培训、职业倦怠中的个人成就感因子、自我效能感和是否阅读管理书籍为领导力的影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论领导力与护士长的角色认知、自我效能感、职业倦怠及是否分层培训均相关。管理者的分层培训有利于领导力的培养和提升,明确角色定位、降低职业倦怠和提高自我效能感同样可以提升护士长的领导力,另外护理管理者需加强经济管理学方面的知识培训。     

牛抵抗素基因的克隆及原核表达

从健康新生牛大网膜脂肪组织中提取总RNA,根据已发表的牛Resistin mRNA序列设计、合成引物,通过RT-PCR进行cDNA扩增,获得了343 bp的片段。将该片段克隆于pMD18-T载体后进行序列分析,确认PCR产物为牛Resistin cDNA。从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,回收343 bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pGEX-6P-1表达载体中,提取质粒并再次转化到BL21(DE3)中,成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌,通过SDS-PAGE检测出牛的Resistin基因的表达。     

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）是引起母猪流产和仔猪呼吸道症状及死亡的一种新的重要病原。该病毒于１９９１年７月首先由荷兰分离获得（当时,称之为Ｌｅｌｙｓｔａｄ病毒,ＬＶ）,接着,德国、美国、比利时、英国、苏格兰、法国、西班牙、日本、韩国及台湾等很...     

新城疫活疫苗对控制鸡大肠杆菌病的效果观察

为了研究鸡新城疫活疫苗紧急免疫控制鸡大肠杆菌病的效果,通过大肠杆菌人工感染30日龄蛋鸡,待出现病症后,紧急免疫新城疫La-sota弱毒苗(Ⅳ系)4羽份.免疫后5～17 d,通过血凝抑制试验测定血清新城疫抗体水平,试验组新城疫抗体水平逐步提高,对照组抗体略有下降,免疫后17 d两组抗体水平差异显著(P＜0.05);对照组...     

不同浓度甘油和pH对DEAE-纤维素柱分离伊氏锥虫效果的影响

在不同ｐＨ条件下以不同浓度甘油破坏鼠红细胞后,用ＤＥＡＥ－５２纤维素柱层析分离纯化伊氏锥虫（Ｔｒｙｐａｎｏｓｏｍａｅｖａｎｓｉ）,结果表明在ｐＨ７．４时,２０％甘油能溶解大约９５％的大、小鼠红细胞;经此处理后,对Ｔ．ｅｖａｎｓｉ的回收率和活力无不良影响,可明显提高其分离纯化效果。作者还观察了渗透压和ｐＨ条件改变对Ｔ．ｅｖａｎｓｉ的影响。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.