宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

Streptococcus suis in slaughter pigs and abattoir workers.

The detection and identification of Streptococcus suis type 2 in 8.1% of 347 pig herds of southwestern Ontario revealed that the infection is widespread in this area. A herd suspected to be infected showed a carrier rate of 9.7% among the 62 animals sampled. These subclinical carriers represent a potential source of infection for slaughterhouse workers. From studies of contamination of hands and knives, it was concluded that eviscerators involved in removing the larynx and lungs from the carcasses have a significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) risk of exposure to Streptococcus suis than other abattoir workers.     

The effect of early calfhood health status on survivorship and age at first calving.

Survival to maturity and age at first calving were studied in heifer calves from 34 randomly selected Holstein dairy farms in southwestern Ontario. Calves were divided into cohorts on the basis of treatment for pneumonia, scours, other diseases, or no treatments, during the first 90 days of life. An effect of pneumonia and scours together, over and above the effects of each disease alone, was assessed by means on an interaction term in the statistical analyses. Heifers which had been treated for pneumonia during the first three months of life were 2.5 times more likely to die after 90 days of age than heifers which had not been treated for pneumonia, after controlling for the farm effect. Heifers with a calfhood history of being treated for scours were 2.5 times more likely to be sold for dairy purposes than other calves. Heifers which had been treated for scours were 2.9 times more likely to calve after 900 days of age than other heifers, after controlling for the farm effect.     

The normal microflora of the female rabbit''s genital tract.

Microorganisms associated with the vagina, cervix and uterus of rabbits were isolated and identified. The predominant microorganisms isolated from the vaginas and cervices were coagulase-negative staphylococci, micrococci, and nonfermentative bacilli. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated frequently, but in small numbers, from the uteri. The pH of the rabbit vagina was found to be near neutrality. Our data indicate that the genital flora of female rabbits is relatively simple, regarding the number and type of microorganisms.     

Effect of cortisol on luteinizing hormone release during sexual behavior in the boar.

The effect of inhibiting the rise in cortisol concentrations that occurs at copulation upon luteinizing hormone release was studied in seven adult boars. Plasma samples were collected for assay of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and cortisol on a control day and before, during and after exposure to an estrous sow. The area under the curve was used to evaluate hormone production and treatment effects were evaluated by a paired Student's t-test. The 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, metyrapone, was used to suppress glucocorticoid hormone production. Cortisol concentrations increased significantly (p less than 0.05) after breeding compared to values on the control day while treatment with metyrapone prior to breeding prevented the cortisol increase (p greater than 0.05). Although luteinizing hormone production increased significantly after copulation in both breeding experiments, metyrapone pretreatment resulted in a reduction of luteinizing hormone secretion (p less than 0.05). Testosterone production was also reduced in boars pretreated with metyrapone. The results suggest that the increased levels of cortisol occurring at copulation may enhance luteinizing hormone release in boars.     

The failure of flurofamide to control ureaplasma in bovine semen.

The flurofamide sensitivities of 21 bovine ureaplasma isolates were determined using the metabolic inhibition method. The 21 isolates included seven each of vaginal, preputial and seminal origin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of flurofamide ranged from 0.0125 to 0.2 meg/mL against a ureaplasma titer of 10(4) organisms/mL. The minimum lethal concentrations ranged from less than or equal to 0.1 to 3.2 mcg/mL. Flurofamide was then evaluated in a system comparable to the procedure for semen extension with respect to temperature, time and dilution. The compound was found to be ineffective in reducing ureaplasma numbers in this system at levels up to 1500 mcg/mL.     

复方环丙沙星乳剂安全性试验研究

采用动物药物安全性评价试验的方法,对豚鼠、家兔等动物进行了复方环丙沙星乳剂的热源试验、体外红细胞溶血性试验、局部刺激性试验及全身主动过敏试验。结果显示,复方环丙沙星乳剂无热原性、体外红细胞溶血性和过敏性,也几乎无明显局部刺激性。表明该制剂的安全性良好,为其在兽医临床上的实际应用提供了依据。     

Effects of vitamins A and E on superoxide production and intracellular signaling of neutrophils in Holstein calves.

The effects of vitamin A and vitamin E treatment on superoxide (O2-) production of neutrophils and their intracellular signaling, including intracellular Ca2+, protein kinase C (PKC), and tyrosine kinase (TK), were examined in Holstein calves. After treatment with vitamin A, heat-aggregated IgG (H-agg.IgG)-induced O2- production in neutrophils ranged from 3.7+/-0.4 to 4.3+/-0.9 nmol (mean +/- SD), and it was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control calves. Opsonized zymosan (OPZ)-induced O2- production was similar with that of control calves. Intracellular signaling of neutrophils in vitamin A-treated calves was enhanced compared with that of control calves when stimulated with H-agg. IgG, but not with OPZ. After treatment with vitamin E, H-agg.IgG- and OPZ-induced O2- production of neutrophils ranged from 4.2+/-0.8 nmol to 5.4+/-0.5 nmol and from 7.8+/-0.6 nmol to 8.1+/-0.4 nmol (mean +/- SD), respectively, and they were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in control calves. Intracellular signaling was also enhanced compared with that of control calves. These results suggested that the effects of vitamin A and E treatment on O2- production were correlated to changes in intracellular signaling of neutrophils in Holstein calves.     

周期性去叶对地毯草克隆生长的影响

以地毯草为研究对象,通过随机区组试验,初步研究不同去叶周期对地毯草克隆生长的影响。结果表明,不同的去叶周期之间存在显著或极显著性差异,中等强度去叶(D20)最适宜地毯草的生长。而过度去叶(D10)或长时间未去叶(D60)都抑制了地毯草的正常生长,从而导致地毯草草坪使用价值下降。因此,中度去叶有利于地毯草的克隆生长,提高成坪速率及其观赏价值。     

Evaluation of a Joint Distractor to Facilitate Arthroscopy of the Canine Stifle

Objectives— To assess a novel technique for arthroscopic evaluation of the canine stifle avoiding the need for fat pad debridement.
Study Design— Prospective study.
Sample Population— Cadaveric canine stifles (n=10); Client-owned dogs (15).
Methods— In cadaveric stifles, the femoropatellar space was assessed before placement of a joint distractor and examination of the femorotibial joint. Time to complete evaluation of the femoropatellar space, to observe the cruciate ligaments, and to completion of examination of the femorotibial joint were recorded. Distractor-assisted arthroscopy was then performed in 15 consecutive clinical cases. Clinical information, time to complete joint evaluation, and ability to perform any additional arthroscopic surgery were recorded.
Results— Observation and palpation of intra-articular structures were possible in all cadaveric stifles. Mean time to evaluate the femoropatellar space was 3.2 minutes (range, 2–4 minutes); to observe the cruciate ligaments, 5.8 minutes (range, 3–8 minutes); and to completion of joint inspection, 9.1 minutes (range 6–13 minutes). In the clinical cases, observation of intra-articular structures was also possible in all stifles. Mean time to complete joint inspection was 21 minutes (range, 10–40 minutes). Partial meniscectomy was performed successfully in 5 stifles.
Conclusions— Use of a joint distractor allowed arthroscopic observation of all relevant structures. Partial meniscectomy was readily performed.
Clinical Relevance— Use of a joint distractor may simplify arthroscopic assessment of the canine stifle and avoid potential morbidity associated with fat pad debridement.