Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on cardiac remodeling in coronary atherosclerotic rabbits

AIM:To study the intervention effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on cardiac remodeling during the development of rabbit coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS:60 male New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups randomly: control group (C group), atherosclerosis model group (A group) and PACAP intervention group (P group). At the 4th, 8th and 12th week, 5-6 cases of rabbits in each group were sacrificed, cardiac tissue with coronary arteries were harvested to make paraffin sections. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson separately. The qualitative observation and/or quantitative analysis were made by light microscope. RESULTS:（1）There was no lesion in C group. For A group and P group, there were plaques in large epicardial coronary arteries and small coronary arteries; an impressive accumulation of collagen was also observed in myocardium. In P group, the lesions of small coronary arteries were less serious, and the degrees of perivascular and myocardial fibrosis also appeared to be less.（2）For A group, the wall-to-lumen ratios in small coronary arteries were significantly greater at the 12th week (2.58±1.54) than C group (1.34±0.58) and P group (1.39±0.48) （P<0.05）； and the width of cardiomyocyte (13.85 μm±2.27 μm) was already remarkably narrower than C group (14.68 μm±2.40 μm) at the 8th week (P<0.05) and narrower significantly than C group and P group at the 12th week. （3）There were not difference significantly between the above-related parameters of P group and C group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Structure changes exist in coronary arteries and myocardium during the development of rabbit coronary atherosclerosis, PACAP can inhibit the cardiac remodeling.     

灌溉量对鸡毛菜生长和品质的影响

以鸡毛菜为材料,通过控制穴盘质量,研究不同灌水量(100%ET、90%ET、80%ET和70%ET)对鸡毛菜生长和生理的影响。试验结果表明,补充灌水量100%ET及90%ET处理下鸡毛菜地上部干鲜质量、株高、茎粗均最高;80%ET处理下鸡毛菜叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量最优,但该处理下鸡毛菜生物量显著低于100%ET和90%ET处理的;70%ET处理除鸡毛菜可溶性蛋白质外,生物量与品质均显著低于其他处理。但100%ET处理耗水量高于90%ET处理的,因此,综合鸡毛菜生物量、品质以及耗水量,在试验设计的范围内90%ET灌水量是最适合鸡毛菜生长的灌水处理。     

不同施肥种类对“巨玫”葡萄品质的影响

以5年生"巨玫"葡萄为试材,采取有机肥(芝麻饼肥、发酵鸡粪)与化肥(硫酸钾、尿素、磷酸二胺)配施,分别以基肥和追肥的方式对"巨玫"葡萄进行施入,研究了不同有机肥种类与化肥配施及不同施肥方式对"巨玫"葡萄浆果品质的影响。结果表明:各有机肥与化肥配施处理中,以芝麻饼肥与化肥生长期追施处理"巨玫"葡萄浆果品质最佳,总糖含量18.39%、糖酸比44.65,在所有处理中最高,较常规施肥分别提高3.26%、6.54%,可溶性固形物含量19.02%、维生素C含量2.05mg/100g,较常规施肥分别提高3.76%、16.38%。     

烟青虫初孵幼虫的高效快速收集方法

比较了常用的烟青虫人工收集方法和新研发的烟青虫初孵幼虫快速收集方法的效果。试验结果表明,与人工收集方法相比,快速收集方法获得初孵幼虫所用时间少,收集的初孵幼虫存活率搞,达96.33%,且收集的幼虫发育更加整齐,雌、雄蛹单头质量(雌蛹295.33 mg,雄蛹284.66 mg)略大;还可节省大量人力,避免了人工挑虫对初孵幼虫的伤害,保障了烟青虫实验种群的大量优质扩繁。     

新型尿素对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

为明确新型尿素在冬小麦的应用效果,采用田间试验,研究了普通尿素（Urea）、控失尿素（LC Urea）、海藻酸尿素（H Urea）、聚能网尿素（N Urea）、含锰尿素（Mn Urea）、控失尿素一次施肥（LC Urea 1）、普通尿素+等量锰（Urea+Mn）和不施肥（CK）对冬小麦产量、叶片SPAD、叶片光合生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理的小麦拔节期叶片SPAD分别显著提高1500%和1300%,灌浆期净光合速率分别显著增加3304%和2076%,气孔导度分别显著提高2609%和2174%,氮素积累量分别显著增加1439%和1236%,氮肥利用率分别提高4575%和3902%。N Urea和Mn Urea处理与Urea处理的产量无显著差异,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理显著增产1449%和1333%。控失尿素和海藻酸尿素能够有效提高穗数,改善冬小麦光合生理特性,促进氮素吸收利用,提高冬小麦产量和氮肥利用率,可在豫北潮土区推广应用。     

Detection of Allelic Variation in Chinese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm with Drought Tolerance Using SSR Markers

Allelic variation in two domestic wheat landraces, Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai, two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars with drought tolerance was detected by SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. The clustering of 25 accessions showed that the similarity between Pingyaobaimai and Yanda1817, the latter was developed from the former, was 0.71, the highest one of all accessions, but the similarities were very low between these two accessions and other accessions including their derived cultivars. A similar situation was revealed between Mazhamai and its derived cultivars. Pingyaobaimai and its three derived cultivars shared three alleles at loci Xgwm526, Xgwm538 and Xgwm126 on chromosome arms 2BL, 4BL and 5AL, respectively. There were six shared alleles in Mazhamai and its derived cultivars, in order of Xgwm157,Xgwm126, Xgwm212, Xgwm626, Xgwm471 and Xgwm44 on chromosome arms 2DL, 5AL, 5DL, 6BL, 7AS and 7DC, respectively. Only one shared allele was detected between the pedigrees of Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai. The difference of shared alleles in two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars revealed the diversity in Chinese wheat germplasm with drought tolerance and the complication in genetic basis of drought tolerance in wheat.     

黄瓜、西瓜与南瓜种子大小对萌发期及幼苗质量的影响

以黄瓜、西瓜与南瓜种子为试验材料,研究了种子大小对瓜类蔬菜萌发期及幼苗质量的影响。结果表明,种子大小与千粒重有极显著正相关关系,黄瓜、南瓜中粒种子的发芽势最高。除黄瓜的鲜、干重外,种子大小与三种瓜类的幼苗质量有关的各项指标均有正相关关系。     

中国小麦抗穗发芽种质资源的挖掘与创制

根据4年的表型数据,并结合实验室开发和鉴定的13个分子标记,对我国833份小麦种质资源（主要包括278份小麦微核心种质、124份地方品种和431份现代推广品种及高代品系）穗发芽抗性进行鉴定。结果表明,13个分子标记鉴定的抗/感穗发芽等位类型间相对发芽指数（RGI）差异均达显著或极显著水平,其中TaMFT-222和Ta MFT-194标记鉴定的差异最大,U值分别为14.98**和11.30**,均达极显著水平,其优异等位类型可以降低相对发芽指数0.21～0.32。其次是Sdr2A、CNGC2AL、Vp1-b2、Ta MKK3-A、PM19、CAPS-2AL、A17-19和EX06323标记,其等位类型间穗发芽抗性差异也均达极显著水平;Qsd1和Barc321标记也能显著区分穗发芽抗性。共计鉴定出63份穗发芽抗性较好的种质资源,其中达到抗的有41份,多为红皮品种和地方品种;达到中抗的有22份,白皮半冬性居多。利用分子标记辅助选择,并结合杂交聚合,创制出12份穗发芽抗性水平达到中抗和抗的种质资源,至少携带3个抗穗发芽基因/位点。该结果为抗穗发芽新品种选育提供重要遗传资源。     

加富CO2和铺设反光膜对温室桃光合特性的影响

对温室栽培条件下桃（早红株、早红霞）净光合速率的测定结果表明，桃的净光合速率Pn日变化曲线呈明显的三峰曲线；铺设反光膜、吊反光幕以后，桃Pn日变化趋势没有发生改变，但同期Pn值有明显增加。日平均Pn增长17．8％。加富co2后温室桃Pn的日变化曲线由三峰曲线变成双峰曲线，日平均Pn提高21．7％。