中国西南岩溶生态系统特征与石漠化综合治理对策

以贵州省为核心的中国西南岩溶区面临双重危机:生态恶劣,石漠化严重;人口贫困,全国1/3强的贫困县分布在该地区。针对西南岩溶地区生态系统特征、石漠化分布和《岩溶区石漠化综合治理规划大纲(2006-2015)》的指导思想,提出岩溶石漠化综合治理的对策:水是龙头,土是关键,植被(经济植物)是根本,区域生态经济双赢、农民脱贫致富是目标。     

生长抑素基因疫苗质粒pEGS/2SS的构建及表达

将pcS／2SS中的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）S基因及插入S基因中的生长抑素（somatostatin，ss）基因亚克隆到pUC19中，构建成pUSS／S质粒；PCR扩增pcS／SS中SS基因，调整阅读框，融合到pUSS／S质柱S基因后，构建成pUS／2SSG质粒；最后将S／2SSG融合基因克隆到pEGFPN1中EGFP基因的5’端，构建S／2SS-EGFP融合表达质粒pEGS／2SS。酶切、测序鉴定后脂质体包裹法将pEGS／2SS转染HeLa细胞，荧光显微镜下检测荧光，ELISA检测表达产物的SS免疫反应原性。酶切和测序鉴定表明，重组质粒pEGS／2SS构建成功。pEGS／2SS转染24h后的HeLa细胞检测到绿色荧光，72h检测到强烈荧光，表明融合基因在HeLa细胞获得高表达；ELISA证实融合蛋白具有SS的抗原抗体反应原性。质粒pEGS／2SS的成功构建及表达为生长抑素基因免疫的机理及安全性研究奠定了基础。     

杜氏盐藻MAPK基因植物表达载体的构建及对烟草的转化

以载体pBI121为基础,经SmaI和BamHI单酶切后,构建了植物表达载体pBI121-MAPK,并通过农杆菌介导采用叶盘转化法将其转入烟草中,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,获得转基因抗性植株。经PCR检测表明pBI121-MAPK已整和到烟草基因组中。     

利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ

为了实现利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕整体表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(hIGF-Ⅰ),将hIGF-Ⅰ基因克隆进非转座子类型的昆虫细胞表达载体pIZT/V5-His,构建转基因载体pIZT/V5-His-hIGF-Ⅰ。利用精子介导法将该转基因载体导入家蚕卵,通过绿色荧光筛选并结合PCR和Dot blotting检测鉴定,表明已成功获得hIGF-Ⅰ转基因家蚕。对培育至G2代的转基因家蚕5龄幼虫蛋白质样品进行Western blotting分析,结果显示hIGF-Ⅰ在转基因家蚕中获得表达,重组hIGF-Ⅰ的分子质量约12.5 kD;ELISA检测hIGF-Ⅰ在G2代转基因家蚕5龄幼虫全蚕以及后部丝腺、脂肪体冻干粉中的质量比分别为65、411、469 ng/g。试验结果再次证实通过非转座子载体pIZT/V5-His介导可以将外源基因导入家蚕基因组,并实现外源基因在转基因家蚕中整体表达。     

Exploring polymorphisms and their effects on reproductive traits of the INHA and INHβA genes in three goat breeds

In this study, we report the analysis of INHA and INHβA gene polymorphisms in 786 goats of three breeds: Xinong Saanen (SN), Guanzhong (GZ) and Boer (BG). We identified three new allelic variants: P1–C80G and/126G (GenBank accession no. HQ202573) in the three goat breeds and P2–C936T (GenBank accession no. HQ202572) in SN and GZ goat breeds. At P1 locus, AA, AB and BB genotypes were found in the three goat breeds. At P2 locus, CC and CT genotypes were found in SN and GZ goat breeds. After comparing genotype distribution within the three goat breeds, BG had conspicuous differences from SN and GZ (P < 0.001) at P2 locus. The SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). At P2 locus, the SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in SN and GZ goat breeds (P < 0.05). Association of polymorphisms with litter size was done at P1 locus in the three goat breeds. The result showed that AA genotype had remarkable litter size at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that INHA gene is a strong candidate gene that affects litter size in goats.     

山羊伪结核棒状杆菌病流行现状和防控技术研究进展

伪结核棒状杆菌是一种重要的人畜共患病和慢性接触性传染病的病原菌,该病原可在机体内增殖,尤其在山羊中多发,可引起浅表淋巴结肿大,严重者器官肿大、出现腹泻甚至死亡。由于其耐受性强、难以根除,严重危害我国山羊养殖业发展和公共卫生安全。论文从病原的生物学特性,疾病的流行现状、诊断和防控等方面对山羊伪结核棒状杆菌病的研究进展进行综述,以期为该病的防控提供参考。     

稳定转化家蚕BmN细胞表达人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

为了建立稳定转化家蚕细胞持续表达外源基因的技术体系,构建了基于piggyBac转座子的带有人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因(hGM-CSF)和新霉素抗性基因(neo)表达元件的转基因载体pigA3GFP-IE-neo-FH-hGM-CSF-polyA-fib-L-intron1,以及带有hGM-CSF和吉欧霉素(zeocin)抗性基因的昆虫细胞转化载体pIZT-IE-hGM-CSF,分别转染家蚕卵巢BmN细胞,并以含相应抗生素G418或zeocin的培养液筛选,得到稳定的转化细胞系FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF。ELISA检测结果显示,hGM-CSF在FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF转化细胞系的表达水平分别为1.534 55 fg/个细胞和2.227 38 fg/个细胞。     

宕昌县滩子牧场草地类型及生产力分析

于2008年7月,对甘肃省宕昌县滩子牧场草地生产力进行调查,利用GIS技术绘制草地类型图,并对其家畜承载力进行评价.经调查,滩子牧场总面积2 449 hm2.草地类型属山地草甸类,可划分为3个草地组8种草地型.其中,杂类草组包括防风(Saposhnilovia divaricata)+草玉梅(Anemone rivil...     

Seed traits and taxonomic relationships determine the occurrence of mutualisms versus seed predation in a tropical forest rodent and seed dispersal system

Although many studies have been carried out on plant–animal mutualistic assemblages, the roles of functional traits and taxonomy in determining both whether interactions involve mutualisms or predation and the structure of such assemblages are unclear. We used semi‐natural enclosures to quantitatively assess the interaction strengths between seeds of 8 sympatric tree species and 4 rodent species in a tropical forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Southwest China. We found 2 clusters of species in the seed–rodent network represented by 2 genera in the Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus). Compared to seeds of 3 Castanopsis species, seeds with heavy weight, hard coat or caloric content (including 3 Lithocarpus species) were eaten less and more frequently hoarded by rodents. In turn, hoarded seeds showed less predation and more mutualism with rodents. Our results suggest that seed traits significantly affected the hoarding behavior of rodents, and, consequently, the occurrence of mutualisms and predation as well as assemblage structure in the plant–animal seed dispersal system. Taxonomically‐related species with similar seed traits as functional groups belong to the same substructures in the assemblage. Our results indicate that both seed traits and taxonomic relationships may simplify thinking about seed dispersal systems by helping to elucidate whether interactions are likely to be dominated by predation or mutualism.     

猪源大肠埃希菌磺胺类药物主要耐药基因的检测与分析

为查明辽宁地区猪源大肠埃希菌磺胺类耐药菌株中sul1、sul2及dfrA1 3种基因型的流行及分布情况,科学指导兽医临床合理用药,为猪大肠埃希菌病的防控提供科学依据,利用PCR技术对磺胺类耐药菌株进行了3种耐药基因型的检测。通过对耐药基因的检测发现,27株磺胺类耐药菌株中sul2的检出率最高,为74.07%(20/27);其次为sul1、dfrA1,检出率分别为33.33%(9/27)、22.22%(6/27),同时携带sul1、sul2和sul2、dfrA1两种基因型的菌株均占11.11%(3/27),同时携带sul1、sul2及dfrA1 3种基因型的菌株占14.81%(4/27)。表明辽宁地区猪源大肠埃希菌磺胺类耐药菌株中sul2为主要流行的基因型,并且在辽宁不同地区普遍存在,是介导猪源大肠埃希菌对磺胺类药物耐药性的主要基因型,其次为sul1、dfrA1。