菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群安全限量的研究

在不同大肠菌群含量的养殖水体中,通过菲律宾蛤仔对大肠菌群的富集研究,发现菲律宾蛤仔对大肠菌群的富集量随着大肠菌群在养殖水体中含量的升高而增大,推导出的富集量公式为y=0.9254x2+17.366x-123.77。参照CAC、91/492/EEC和NSSP的标准,通过相关换算及与国内标准对比,建议菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群的安全限量定为≤70cfu/100ml,生食菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群的安全限量定为≤14cfu/100ml。     

虾蟹混养池塘浮游植物群落结构的变化特征

为摸清锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)混养池塘浮游植物种群结构的变化特征,于2018年3-11月对广州市番禺区十六涌3个养殖池塘中的浮游植物开展了逐月调查,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探讨了浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,养殖池塘中共鉴定出浮游植物29种,主要由硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻、绿藻和裸藻5大门类组成,其中硅藻种类最多(19种),占浮游植物种类数的65.5%;其次是蓝藻,共5种,占浮游植物种类数17.2%;甲藻3种,绿藻和裸藻各1种。共出现优势种16种,主要为直舟形藻(Navicula directa)、奇异菱形藻(Nitzschia paradoxa)、柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)、尖布纹藻(Gyrosigma acuminatum)、大角角藻(Ceratium macroceros)和小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)等。浮游植物细胞密度介于2.56×103~189.2×103个·m-3,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数介于0.468~2.597。浮游植物与环境因子相关性RDA结果表明,营养盐、盐度和pH是影响养殖塘浮游植物种群结构的主要环境因子。     

ISO/FDIS 22000饲料安全管理体系危害控制措施OPRP与HACCP计划的设计

以畜禽复合矿物质预混料生产为例基于有效的危害分析,研究了OPRP、HACCP计划的影响因素,阐明了饲料生产企业对饲料安全危害控制措施的目标、具体方法。研究并提出了OPRP和HACCP计划设计与再设计的关键要素,为饲料生产企业有效控制饲料安全危害、建立饲料安全管理体系提供指南。     

方斑东风螺池塘养殖试验

在0.16 hm2的土池中,9月投放壳高1.30~2.61 cm、体重0.90~2.68 g的方斑东风螺稚螺5.41万粒,经4个月的试养,育成商品螺243.0 kg,个体重2.5~12.0 g,平均体重5.25 g;壳高2.53~4.35 cm,平均3.05 cm;成活率86.3%,饵料系数2.3,获产值28 188元。经试验方斑东风螺对养殖环境海水水质的适应能力较强,对水温的适应范围较广,是一种优良的海水养殖品种,适合南方池塘养殖。     

鲫和鳜主要过敏原小清蛋白的基因克隆及序列分析

小清蛋白(parvalbumin, PV)是鱼类的主要过敏原, 为分析淡水鱼PV的序列及结构特征,采用RT-PCR方法, 从鲫和鳜肌肉中分别克隆得到2种小清蛋白的基因序列。生物信息学分析结果显示, 4种基因的序列长度均为330 bp, 编码109个氨基酸残基, 推导分子量在11.6 ku左右, 等电点为4.45~4.69。氨基酸序列分析表明, 克隆得到的这4种PV序列均含有丙氨酸-14、亮氨酸-16、半胱氨酸-19、苯丙氨酸-67、谷氨酰胺-69以及苏氨酸-79等β型PV特征性残基序列, 表明克隆的目的基因均为β型PV。鲫的2种PV序列相似性为80.73 %, 鳜的2种PV的序列相似性为83.49 %。对克隆得到的PV序列进行空间结构分析显示, 这4种PV序列均含有3个螺旋-松弛-螺旋结构, 即EF-手型结构, 其中靠近C端功能域的两个手型结构为Ca^2﹢结合位点。     

菲律宾蛤仔对镉、铜暴露的蓄积作用及其抗氧化酶系统的响应研究

研究了镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）2种重金属单一暴露下菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）肝胰腺和鳃组织内的重金属富集特征和抗氧化酶活力变化特点。结果表明,蛤仔肝胰腺与鳃对Cd、Cu的富集量随重金属浓度与暴靠时间的增加而增火,具有明显的浓度效应与时间效应;菲律宾蛤仔对Cd的富集能力高于Cu,H．肝胰腺中审盖属的蓄积量高于鳃;蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱廿肽过氧化物酶（（;Px）和谷胱竹肽硫转移酶（CST）活力在暴露的某些时段被显著诱导（P〈0．05）,似随暴露时问延长或重金属浓度增加,SODf11GST活力则被显著抑制（P〈O．05）,而CPx活力随暴露时问延K逐渐恢复至对照组水平、菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃2种组织中SOD和GST的活性变化可作为海洋Cu^2＋Cd^2＋钙染的牛物标志物．     

日本鳗鲡胶原蛋白和小清蛋白的过敏原性

以日本鳗鲡皮与肌肉组织为研究对象,采用碱溶、酸溶、盐析、冻干等方法纯化得到胶原蛋白,采用加热、饱和硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析等方法纯化得到两种亚型的小清蛋白(PV-Ⅰ和PV-Ⅱ),纯化的目标蛋白经动物特异性抗体的免疫印迹实验确证。酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫印迹分析结果显示,纯化的胶原蛋白和小清蛋白分别与鱼类过敏患者阳性血清发生特异性反应,且二者之间无免疫交叉反应。体外模拟胃液消化实验和SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,胶原蛋白和小清蛋白均具有较高的消化稳定性。结果提示,日本鳗胶原蛋白和小清蛋白具有较高的消化稳定性和免疫原性,二者可引发不同患者的IgE介导特异性超敏反应。     

霍山石斛类原球茎诱导及其发育过程研究

 以霍山石斛试管苗带节茎段为材料, 诱导产生类原球茎, 并研究类原球茎发育过程。结果表 明, 霍山石斛类原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为Knudson + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1} , 诱导率为25.50%。以固体静置、固液双层静置、液体静置、液体振荡4种不同培养方式进行增殖培养, 其中液体振荡培养方式更适于类原球茎快速增殖。类原球茎通过胚状体发生途径形成, 类似于合子胚的发育, 即经历原胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚, 最后发育为成熟胚。类原球茎发育进程大致可分为类原球茎形成期、类原球茎肥大期、茎叶分化期、茎叶形成期以及茎叶伸长期等阶段。     

13-MTD induces apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt signaling

［ABSTRACT］AIM: To study the effect of 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), a saturated branched-chain fatty acid, on apoptotic induction in breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cells MaEC were treated with solvent or 13-MTD at concentration of 140 mg/L. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of JNK, p38, FADD and Akt after treated with 13-MTD were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: 13-MTD effectively induced apoptosis of breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and no influence to normal breast epithelial cells MaEC, which were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, was observed. The results of Western blotting showed that obvious increase in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. No significant difference of FADD phosphorylation was observed. However, evidently decrease in Akt phosphorylation was found after treated with 13-MTD. CONCLUSION: 13-MTD was a new safe, effective chemotherapeutic drug. Its underlying mechanisms are through activating MAPK pathway and inhibiting Akt pathway to induce the cancer cells apoptosis.     

Effects of salvianolic acid B on neurons during oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction

AIM: To observe the damage induced in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction, and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B (SalB). METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the SalB group. The cell model was established by oxygen/glucose deprivation for 3 h followed oxygen/glucose reintroduction for 24 h. The cortical neurons viability was determined by MTT assay. The leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chromatometry. The mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) and the apoptosis rate were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytosolic free calcium was assessed using LSCM. The morphologic changes of neuronal nuclei were observed by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the cortical neurons viability, the survival rate and the fluorescence value of MMP in the SalB group were obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). In addition, in the SalB group, the leakage rate of LDH, the fluorescence intensity of cytosolic free calcium and the apoptosis rate were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective mechanism of SalB in the oxygen/glucose deprivation and reintroduction neurons would be due to the fact that SalB maintains the MMP and the calcium homeostasis.