利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建的转基因家蚕对核型多角体病毒的抑制

CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑已经被证明可以通过破坏病原体的基因来有效地抑制感染。西南大学的DONG Z等学者最近构建了表达CRISPR/Cas9的家蚕转基因系和以家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)为目标的sgRNA,以调节家蚕早期基因的表达。通过G,代杂交获得4个转基因杂交系:Cas9(-)/sgRNA(-),Cas9(C)/sgRNA(-),Cas9(-)/sgRNA(C)和Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)。研究证明了Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因系有效地编辑了家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组的目标位点,并在BmNPV感染后观察到大片段缺失。研究者进一步对Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因系的抗病毒分析表明,半致死剂量(LD_(50))比正常接种包涵体后的值高出1 000倍。作者分析了Cas9(C)/sgRNA(C)转基因杂交系的经济性状和脱靶效率,与正常水平无显著差异。作者的研究表明CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑可以更有效地靶向家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组,并可作为一种昆虫抗病毒的方法。     

植酸酶对不同类型的断乳仔猪日粮粗蛋白、氨基酸和能量的消化率的影响

通过对4个安装了简易T型瘘管的断奶仔猪研究表明,添加植酸酶并没有提高玉米-豆粕型日粮(试验组1)、小麦-豆粕型日粮(试验组2)和大麦-豌豆-菜籽粕型日粮(试验组4)粗蛋白和氨基酸的回肠表观消化率(AID),而使小麦-豆粕-菜粕型日粮的粗蛋白和氨基酸回肠表观消化率或粗蛋白和消化能的总消化道表观消化率(ATTD)得到了显著的提高(P<0.05)或呈提高的势态(P<0.10)。这些结果表明,氨基酸对细菌性植酸酶的反应因子取决于日粮的组成。     

Harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants

BACKGROUND: In pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation‐poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. This study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes. RESULTS: Field efficacy data were collected using portable harmonic microwave radar and electronic dipole tags mounted on adults of three economically important pests: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Diabrotica virginifera virginifera (LeComte) and Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst. Detection and recovery of tagged Colorado potato beetles, plum curculios and western corn rootworms was high within and among potato plants, moderate within apple trees and high within, but not between, corn plants respectively. The efficacy of the radar depends on the ability of the operator to move around the host, scanning for a signal ‘sightline’ with the tagged insect among plant structures. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of tagged insects by harmonic radar systems is high enough to track the walking path of pests through low row crops such as potato, tall row crops such as corn or tall but well‐separated trees of orchard‐type crops by adapting the scanning procedure to the vegetative architecture. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd     

Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy)

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.     

预防B型变异株的一种新型传染性鼻炎四价疫苗的效力

传染性鼻炎是由副鸡嗜血杆菌引起的鸡的一种急性呼吸道疾病，目前在生产上主要使用含有代表A、B、C三种血清型（按Page分类（1962））的两种或多种菌株制成的灭活疫苗。到目前为止，这些疫苗对特定血清型菌株的合并感染提供了令人满意的免疫保护。免疫失败通常与某些商品疫苗中遗漏其中些分离株进行血清分型。结果发现了多     

猪的胚胎(受精卵)移植

猪在家畜中繁殖力最高,因此胚胎移植技术对于提高猪个体繁殖能力的价值就不如对繁殖力较低的牛和羊等大。但从育种方面来说,用卵移植法在短时期内使个体母猪产生大量后代或从未成熟母猪得到受精卵以缩短世代间隔却仍然是有价值的。卵移植在猪育种工作中实