Free choice feeding of whole grains in meat-type pigeons: 1. effect on performance,carcass traits and organ development

1. The effects of 5 different feeding systems on the performance, carcass traits and organ development were studied in pigeon squabs.

2. The 5 treatments were (1) whole grains of maize, pea and wheat plus concentrate feed; (2)whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed (CWC); (3) whole grains of maize and pea plus concentrate feed; (4)whole grain of maize plus concentrate feed (CC); and (5) compound feed (CF).

3. Feed intake of parent pigeons increased significantly from 0 to 21 d and it was higher in the CF treatment. Body weight of squabs in the CWC treatment was the highest among the 5 treatments in 4 weeks. Body weight losses of parental pigeons during the rearing period were not significantly different among the 5 treatments.

4. Protein intake in CC and CWC treatments was lower than that of the other three treatments. The CWC treatment had the highest daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Treatments were statistically similar in the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh. CF had the lower relative weight of abdominal fat.

5. Relative weight of gizzard in the CF treatment was significantly lower than that of CWC.

6. It was concluded that the application of free choice feeding of whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed increased the body weight of 28-d-old pigeon squabs and decreased the feed conversion rate of parent pigeons. This feeding strategy could be commercially interesting in meat-type pigeon production.

     

青壳蛋遗传规律初探

为了研究青壳蛋遗传规律,我们对青壳蛋鸡进行了四个世代的选育。二、三、四世代产青壳蛋及非青壳蛋母鸡个数分别为205,22;258,17;635,15;与计算出的理论数据206.21;260,15;636,14经卡方检验差异不显著。对一世代、三世代进行测交,其后代产青壳蛋与非青壳蛋母鸡个数分剐为613,463;706,236;与通过一世代、三世代的显性基因频率与隐性基因频率计算出的理论数据600,467;707,235经卡方检验差异不显著。选择加快了群体基因频率的改变,青壳蛋性状确为由一对主效基因控制的完全显性遗传性状。     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges of the Genus Oceanapia: Chemistry and Biological Activities

In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated Oceanapia sponges, including the isolation and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from the first report in 1989 to July 2019. There have been 110 compounds reported during this period, including 59 alkaloids, 33 lipids, 14 sterols and 4 miscellaneous compounds. Besides their unique structures, they exhibited promising bioactivities ranging from insecticidal to antibacterial. Their complex structural characteristics and diverse biological properties have attracted a great deal of attention from chemists and pharmaceuticals seeking to perform their applications in the treatment of disease.     

不同煤基腐殖酸对土壤锌淋洗效果的研究

为了研究不同煤基腐殖酸对土壤锌的淋洗效果,从而进一步探讨其调控土壤锌移动性的效果,采用土柱淋洗方法,研究了11种煤基腐殖酸及EDTA在2种淋洗方式（去离子水淋洗和5% KCl溶液淋洗）下对土壤Zn的淋洗效果的影响。结果表明：11种煤基腐殖酸处理下,去离子水淋洗液中Zn含量与CK2相比,1~10号煤基腐殖酸对土壤Zn都有一定的钝化作用,降低了Zn在土壤中的迁移性,而11号煤基腐殖酸增强了Zn在土壤中的迁移性,但11种煤基腐殖酸处理下的淋洗效果均低于EDTA处理下的淋洗效果。同时,5% KCl溶液对Zn的淋洗效果好于去离子水。     

影响犊牛瘤胃发育的因素研究

瘤胃发育是犊牛生长发育的重要指标.论述瘤胃的组织形态学发育,通过对瘤胃上皮乳头长度、宽度、颜色、密度,瘤胃壁及其肌肉层厚度等相关性状的描述,探讨了犊牛日龄、饲料组成及其形态、挥发性脂肪酸,瘤胃pH值和瘤胃微生物等各种因素对犊牛瘤胃发育的影响.     

4种园林树木叶绿素荧光参数对脱水的响应及耐旱特性分析

以自然生长的国槐、加杨、银杏和黑松的离体枝叶为材料,利用连续激发式叶绿素荧光仪测定脱水过程中叶绿素快速荧光动力学曲线及相关参数的变化,以分析4种树木叶绿素荧光特性随体内水分状况的变化规律及其耐旱特点。结果表明:随着脱水的延续,4种树木的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线发生明显的变化,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等逐渐降低,说明PSⅡ的光化学效率、潜在活性和整个光合电子传递链的效率等均随脱水而下降。以离体后脱水时间为横坐标,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等的下降表现为国槐最快、杨树次之、银杏较慢、黑松最慢,即4种树木抗脱水能力依次增强;但4种植物叶绿素荧光参数快速降低的RWC阈值分别为国槐10%～20%、杨树30%～40%、银杏40%～50%、黑松60%～70%,表现为光合系统对脱水的耐力依次降低。可见,国槐和杨树对脱水有较强的耐受力,但失水快、耗水多,难以适应缺水的环境;黑松抗脱水能力强、耗水少,但对体内水分亏缺的耐受力不强,可以适应半干旱和半湿润环境;银杏的适应性介于上述2类之间。     

防沙治沙技术对策的探讨

20 0 2年 1 0月 ,世界银行执行委员会通过了新的林业政策与战略 ,旨在保护发展中国家的环境的同时 ,改善以林为生的 5亿极端贫困的居民的生活。委员会强调实现环境保护和努力帮助穷人经营资源二者平衡的重要性。新的林业政策和战略覆盖了所有的森林类型 ,立足于以下 3个同等重要而又相互依赖的方面 :1保护森林提供当地和全球的环境服务和价值 ;2发挥森林的潜力 ,减少贫困 ;3将森林纳入经济可持续发展之中。新政策将努力在发展中国家增加 8%的保护区面积 ,并在这些林区执行严格的采伐禁令。另外 ,通过安排保护区外林区居民的再就业 ,努力改善…     

Predicting the distributions of suitable habitat for three larch species under climate warming in Northeastern China

The larch (Larix) genus is the most important species group in the forest ecosystems in Northeastern China, occupying about 25% of the forest areas. The high tolerance to coldness and relatively fast growth rate make this genus the main species group for forestation. According to the predictions of the global circulation model CGCM3, temperature could rise by 2–4 °C over the next 100 years. Few studies have been conducted on the response of larch species to climate warming in Northeastern China. Such studies are becoming increasingly needed due to the economic and ecological significance of this genus. This paper studies the potential distribution ranges of three larch species under the current and the warming climate conditions. A new classification and regression tree technique, Random Forest, was used to investigate the potential distributions of three larch species, based on 18 environmental variables which reflect the climate, topography and soil conditions of Northeastern China. The results showed that the biological coldness index (BCI) is the most important factor for Dahurian larch, annual precipitation (AP) is the most important factor for Korean larch and elevation (DEM) is the most important factor for Prince Rupprecht larch.     

Using the LANDIS model to evaluate forest harvesting and planting strategies under possible warming climates in Northeastern China

The Small Khingan Mountains in northeastern China provide most of the timber and wood products in the country. Evaluating the long-term effects of harvesting and planting strategies is important especially as the climate changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the projected climate warming on potential changes in species’ coverage (percent cover), area harvested (percentage of the study area) and species harvested, using the LANDIS model. Our evaluation was based on the harvest and planting plans specified in Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). Our simulated results show that the coverage of southern species such as Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and ribbed birch (Betula costata) increases, whereas the coverage of northern species like larch (Larix gmelinii), Kingan fir (Abies nephrolepis), spruces (Picea koraiensis and P. jezoensis) and Dahur birch (Betula davurica) decreases under the warming climate in the region. The species harvested primarily consist of the southern species, especially deciduous species under the warming climate. The warming climate leads to 11.2% increase in area harvested compared to that under the current climate, when planting is not simulated. When planting is simulated, tradeoffs between planting and area harvested are complex. The area harvested only increases in places where moderate planting is implemented, and decreases in places with both low (≤5% area planted) and high (≥30%) planting percentage. This is because when the planting percentage is low, the rate of increase of harvestable species due to planting is lower than the rate of decrease of warming-declining species. When the planting percentage is high, the rate of increase of planted species is higher than the rate of colonization of warming-adapted deciduous species, and the planted species delay the establishment of the warming-adaptable species that have short harvest rotations (due to lower harvestable ages). Our results suggest that the management strategy with planting area of 20% is the best among all the scenarios simulated. Under this warming climate, moderate planting area (e.g. 20%) increases the area harvested to about 43%, which is still less than that (58%) designated in the NFPP. These results have important implications for forest managers designing sustainable forest harvest and reforestation strategies for the landscape under the warming climate.