中国原生犬保护随想

我们知道,中国的动植物遗传资源保护形势严峻,在当今中国的生态资源几近崩溃的今天我们来讨论中国原生犬的保护,不知道为什么,我的心情十分沉重.     

1株H5N1亚型高致病力禽流感病毒人工感染鸭的抗原定位观察

通过对鸭静脉接种或眼-鼻-口腔-泄殖腔接种禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/220/2004(H5N1)后,采用免疫组织化学方法检查病毒核蛋白抗原,探讨了该病毒在组织器官中的定位与分布.结果表明,病毒核蛋白抗原主要存在于鸭的心肌细胞、肝细胞、枯否氏细胞、胰腺泡上皮细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞和血液吞噬性自细胞;在气管和支气管黏膜上皮,脑组织,肠黏膜上皮,胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏和肺脏的巨噬细胞或组织细胞以及坏死的细胞碎片中也可检查到少量病毒核蛋白抗原;而在食管、胃、睾丸、卵巢、甲状腺、肾上腺、哈德氏腺、骨骼肌等未检查到该抗原.     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素病例对照研究

为了解云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素,以2021年布鲁氏菌病监测数据为基础,采用病例对照研究方法,对曲靖市8个县（市、区）181个羊养殖场开展问卷调查,并对养殖场饲养管理状况、生物安全措施等方面的18个风险因素进行单因素分析、多因素二元Logistic回归分析,构建回归方程,计算模型的预测概率,建立ROC曲线。结果显示：共回收有效问卷155份,涉及54个阳性场、101个阴性场;经单因素分析,从18项风险因素中选出13项P <0.05的因素;经多因素二元Logistic回归分析,“外购混养”（OR=9.006,95%CI:2.844～28.524）、“养殖场门口不消毒”（OR=7.835,95%CI:1.303～47.110）、“与邻居共用运输工具”（OR=13.087,95%CI:1.774～96.535）、“交通工具不消毒”（OR=4.263,95%CI:1.294～14.043）在病例组和对照组之间差异显著（P <0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.815(95%CI:0.743～0.887),模型预测性尚好。结果表明,“外购混养”“养殖场门口不消毒”“与邻居共用运...     

植物多酚的生物活性及在反刍动物生产中的应用

多酚是一种广泛存在于自然界中的植物次生代谢产物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌等生物活性。大量研究表明,在反刍动物日粮中添加适量的植物多酚(plant polyphenol,PP)可以改善机体抗氧化水平、调节瘤胃发酵过程、增强免疫,从而提高生产性能。故PP是反刍动物营养中很有前景的饲料添加剂。文章对PP的分类组成、生理功能及其目前在反刍动物中的应用进行综述,旨在为其今后在反刍动物生产应用中的深入探究提供一定的理论基础。     

巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在研究巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化性能和肠道有害菌群数量影响.选取2周龄(初始体重104.59±3.82)g的七彩山鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,试验期112 d.对照组为Ⅰ组,饲喂不添加巨菌草的基础饲粮,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮上添加4％、8％、12％...     

牛GHR0基因编码区生物信息学分析

GHR基因作为产奶性状的候选基因之一,已引起人们越来越多的关注.本文应用生物信息学方法比较分析了人、牛、猪、绵羊等14个物种的GHR基因编码区(CDS)序列,并对其遗传多样性、氨基酸序列的理化性质、信号肽、蛋白质二级结构和结构功能域等进行了预测分析.结果表明,从14个物种的30条序列检测到1218个多态位点,共生成22种单倍型,物种间GHR基因序列编码区存在较丰富的遗传多样性.GHR蛋白等电点均低于7,呈酸性;大多GHR蛋白N端存在信号肽,均有跨膜结构域;蛋白质二级结构的主要结构元件是无规则卷曲.     

犏牛人工授精关键技术研究与推广应用

犏牛人工授精技术的推广应用对加快牦牛品种改良起着较强的关键性和作用性。本文从母牛体况、饲养管理、技术人员技术熟练度、人工授精操作等方面分析了犏牛人工授精技术中的关键影响因素,并提出相应的意见建议,以更好地推进本地犏牛人工授精进程,扩大改良牛的覆盖率,增加养殖户的经济收入。     

Isolation,Identification and Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida from Fowl Cholera

In order to determine the suspected avian cholera pathogen and geneotypes, bacteria isolation technology was used to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria, the isolated bacteria were identified by traditional methods and molecular biological methods. Geneotyping of the isolated bacteria were determined using PCR technology and gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria had typical culture characteristics of Pasteurella multocida (Pm),and the morphology of the colony, the characteristics of cell staining, the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consist with Pm; 457 bp fragment was amplified by PCR. Geneotyping results showed that only A primer amplified the target gene fragment of 1 050 bp, sequence analysis also showed that the isolated bacteria shared 97.6% to 100.0% sequence homology with reference strains, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated bacteria and A type Pm were in a branch.The experimental results indicated that the isolated bacteria was identified as capsular serotype A of Pm, the results provided reference for the prevention and control of fowl cholera.     

阿拉善沙拐枣引种驯化栽培试验

通过10年(2001～2010)的驯化栽培,将具有高抗旱、耐风沙的野生灌木阿拉善沙拐枣从民勤沙区引种至兰州获得成功.试验结果表明:经过驯化栽培,该种植物在兰州地区人工栽培条件下,能够正常生长、结籽和成熟,从播种(移栽)出苗(萌发)至结籽成熟生长160d以上.植株高度80～113cm,5月出苗(萌发),8月开花,10月种子成熟.干鲜比1:4.4,茎叶比1:2.0.种子产量538.4kg/hm2(千粒重64.46g),青草产最12809.8kg/hm2.根系发达,生长速度快,种植第5年的植株地上和地下生物量各接近50％,其根系具有很强的同土护坡能力.营养含量中等,可消化吸收率高.阿拉善沙拐枣在我国黄土高原干旱、半干旱地区可作为水土保持和生态建设灌木树种使用,亦可饲用.种植方式以育苗移栽效果最佳,耐粗放管理,种苗成活后不再需浇水、施肥.