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61.
A physical map of the 1-gigabase bread wheat chromosome 3B 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Paux E Sourdille P Salse J Saintenac C Choulet F Leroy P Korol A Michalak M Kianian S Spielmeyer W Lagudah E Somers D Kilian A Alaux M Vautrin S Bergès H Eversole K Appels R Safar J Simkova H Dolezel J Bernard M Feuillet C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5898):101-104
As the staple food for 35% of the world's population, wheat is one of the most important crop species. To date, sequence-based tools to accelerate wheat improvement are lacking. As part of the international effort to sequence the 17-billion-base-pair hexaploid bread wheat genome (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes), we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based integrated physical map of the largest chromosome, 3B, that alone is 995 megabases. A chromosome-specific BAC library was used to assemble 82% of the chromosome into 1036 contigs that were anchored with 1443 molecular markers, providing a major resource for genetic and genomic studies. This physical map establishes a template for the remaining wheat chromosomes and demonstrates the feasibility of constructing physical maps in large, complex, polyploid genomes with a chromosome-based approach. 相似文献
62.
Grosch R Faltin F Lottmann J Kofoet A Berg G 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):393-393
The soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph, Thanatephorus cucumeris [A.B. Frank] Donk) is worldwide responsible for serious damage of many economically important agricultural and horticultural crops. Control of Rhizoctonia diseases is difficult because this pathogen survives for many years as sclerotia in soil or as mycelium in organic matter under numerous environmental conditions. Furthermore, the pathogen has an extremely wide host range. To date, no effective con… 相似文献
63.
[Phenyl(U)-(14)C] and [triazole(3)-(14)C]flusilazole ([(bis 4-fluorophenyl)]methyl(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)silane; I) were extensively metabolized when fed to lactating goats (Capra hircus). The primary metabolites identified in goat tissues and milk were bis(4-fluorophenyl)(methyl)silanol (II) and 1H-1,2,4-triazole (III). Concentrations of total radiolabeled residues in the milk ranged from 0.09 to 0.74 microg/mL. Concentrations of radiolabeled residues found in tissues when the [(14)C] label was in the phenyl or triazole position, respectively, were 13.5 and 3.54 microg/g (liver), 8.74 and 0.75 microg/g (kidney), 0.41 and 0.52 microg/g (leg muscle), and 4.07 and 0.94 microg/g (back fat). Urine contained an additional major metabolite identified as [bis(4-fluorophenyl)](methyl)silylmethanol (IV) and its glucuronic acid conjugate (V). With either labeled form of flusilazole, the majority of the recovered radiolabel was excreted in urine or feces. 相似文献
64.
Partitioning behavior of Alkan-1-ols between milkfat and aqueous phases as influenced by temperature
Partitioning of volatile compounds between lipid and aqueous phases may influence flavor perception and availability to participate in flavor-generating reactions. The objective of this research was to characterize the partitioning of short-chain alkan-1-ols between milkfat and aqueous phases, as influenced by temperature, as compared to an octan-1-ol/water biphasic system (Log P). Temperature has a positive, but nonlinear, influence on Log P values for alkan-1-ols. There is an approximately 1 log decrease in Log P values of milkfat/water as compared to octan-1-ol/water systems; similar trends were observed across chain length. Temperature has a greater effect on alkan-1-ol partitioning in milkfat/water systems than octan-1-ol/water. The latter observation is primarily attributed to the solidification of milkfat at temperatures below 40 degrees C and the resulting reduction in liquid lipid solvent volume. 相似文献
65.
Björn Berg Gunnar Ekbohm Bengt Söderström Håkan Staaf 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,59(1-2):165-177
Decomposition of unpolluted Scots pine needle litter was studied in two heavy-metal-pollution gradients in Sweden; one near a brass mill and the other around a primary smelter. In the latter area locally collected polluted Scots pine needle litter was also incubated. Decomposition rates were strongly influenced by the metal pollution and a decrease in the rate of mass-loss occurred. In the brass-mill gradient this occurred until about 1 km from the pollution source which corresponded to about 500 µg Cu and 1 000 µg Zn g?1 soil. Data are presented to indicate that lignin decomposition was more sensitive to pollution than decomposition of whole litter and affected further away from the pollution sources. At the smelter sites, the metal-polluted needle litter decomposed more slowly than the unpolluted needle litter, and this difference was enhanced close to the smelter. The results indicate that heavy metals accumulated in needles prior to shedding have a long-term impact on the subsequent decomposition of the litter. Both litter quality and soil factors thus contribute to the reduced litter decomposition rate in metal-polluted forests. A new non-linear model with decreasing decay rate was used in the statistical evaluation. The model can be used to characterize the effects of pollution on decomposition rate. 相似文献
66.
Relationships between Acid Ions and Carbonaceous Fly-Ash Particles in Deposition at European Mountain Lakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N.L. Rose E. Shilland T. Berg K. Hanselmann R. Harriman K. Koinig U. Nickus B. Steiner Trad E. Stuchlík H. Thies M. Ventura 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1703-1708
The concentrations of major ions and spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCPs) in bulk deposition were determined in weekly samples from six European mountain lakes during 1997/98. SCPs are produced only from high temperature combustion of fossil-fuels and therefore provide an unambiguous indicator of atmospheric deposition from this source. Positive correlations were observed between SCPs and SO4 2?, NO3 ? and NH4 + at all sites except for some determinands at Jorisee (Switzerland) and Starolesnienske (Slovakia). Correlations between SCPs and SO4 2? + NO3 ? were always more positive than for SCPs with 'total acid ions' (SO4 2? + NO3 ? + NH4 +). This is in agreement with the expectation that the contribution to NH4 + deposition made by fossil-fuels is negligible. Good positive correlations between SCPs and all acid anions were observed at Estany Redo (Pyrenees); lower but still positive correlations were observed for all acid ions with SCPs at Gossenköllesee (Austria), Lochnagar and Kårvatn (central Norway), whilst little trend in correlation was observed for Jorisee and Starolesnienske. It is suggested that this gradient reflects the influence of fossil-fuels on acid deposition in these areas. A high positive correlation was observed between SCP and Cl? at Gossenkollesee possibly as a result of HCl from coal combustion. 相似文献
67.
Einsatz bakterieller Antagonisten zur Bekämpfung von Krankheiten verursacht durch Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solani is an important soil-borne pathogen causing diseases in numerous economically important crops. The pathogen R. solani can be responsible for relevant yield losses as well as on lettuce and potato. To develop a biocontrol strategy, two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens L13–6-12 and Serratia plymuthica 3Re4–18 were evaluated against R. solani causing black scurf in potato and bottom rot in lettuce. The disease suppression effect of the two antagonists was tested as well as in a climate chamber and in the field during two vegetation periods. The results of the climate chamber experiments showed, that R. solani can significantly reduced the lettuce growth. The dry mass losses on lettuce and the disease severity on potato sprouts were significantly limited through bacterization. The antagonist L13–6-12 showed best disease suppression effect in climate chamber experiments on both crops. A significant lower disease severity was to observed in treatments with bacterial antagonists as well as on lettuce plants and harvested potato tubers during both vegetation periods. Also the dry mass losses on lettuce were clear reduced in treatments with bacterial antagonists, whereas only a partly limitation of yield losses on potato was to achieved. In summary, the results supported that the use of bacterial antagonists can be part of a control strategy against R. solani. 相似文献
68.
69.
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus as etiologic agents of foot rot in cattle.
Fusobacterium necrophorum (Sphaerophorus necrophorus) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were the predominant bacteria isolated from biopsy specimens of lesions in cattle affected with foot rot. Mixed inoculums of the 2 bacteria, applied to the scarified interdigital skin or inoculated intradermally into the interdigital skin of test cattle, induced typical lesions of foot rot. Both bacteria were reisolated in large numbers from the induced lesions. 相似文献
70.
Endotoxemia following experimental intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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J N Moore N A White J N Berg C M Trim H E Garner 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1981,45(3):330-332
Experimental small intestinal strangulation obstruction was produced in anesthetized ponies. The limulus amoebocyte lysate test demonstrated the presence of endotoxin in the general circulation 60 and 120 minutes following restoration of mesenteric blood flow. Mucosal degeneration, with loss of villus epithelial cells, was demonstrated coincident with endotoxemia. The findings were consistent with an ischemia-mediated alteration in the intestinal barrier to endotoxin. 相似文献