Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus (Lachninae: Eulachnini) sur pin d'Alep: premier signalement en Tunisie

During a study on the population dynamics of aphids on Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis, in Chott Mariem region, Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus Theobald was found. This is the first record of the species in Tunisia.     

Composition and insecticidal activity of essential oil from Ruta graveolens,Mentha pulegium and Ocimum basilicum against Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The aim of this research was to explore the chemical composition and evaluate the insecticidal activities of Ruta graveolens, Mentha pulegium and Ocimum...     

The geographically variegated connections of the Jakarta metropolitan area as produced by manufacturing firms

Connectivity in urban networks is often deemed to be an important feature of economically vibrant cities. Under conditions of contemporary globalization, the importance and geographies of these connections are increasingly variegated. Accordingly, various attempts have been made to analyse the external relations of cities and metropolitan regions, often through the lens of multilocational firms. Our purpose in this paper is to address the to‐date limited empirical knowledge about whether firms originating from different regions (i.e., firms with different headquarter [HQ] locations) create different patterns of inter‐urban relations. Drawing on the interlocking network model and using the Jakarta metropolitan area (JMA) as a case study, this paper explores how manufacturing firms with HQs either inside (further differentiating between the JMA and other cities) or outside (further differentiating between East Asian and non‐East Asian countries) Indonesia produce different patterns of external relations. Our findings indicate that each category of firms generates unique configurations of interurban relations for the JMA at the global and national scales. We argue that these variegated networks patterns not only reflect different locational strategies of firms, but also Indonesia's evolving policy orientations which have complex relations with evolving patterns of economic globalization.     

Effect of different irrigation regimes on carbohydrate partitioning in leaves and wood of two table olive cultivars (Olea europaea L. cv. Meski and Picholine)

In this study, changes in carbohydrate composition were investigated at the end of the biological cycle of two important table olive cultivars ‘Meski’ and ‘Picholine’ grown in Tunisia under different irrigation regimes. A control treatment [100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and a stress treatment (50% ETc) were considered. At the end of August, leaf water potential was measured and sugar compounds were determined in mature leaves and in the wood of fruit-bearing branches by gas chromatography. The leaf water potential increased with the stress treatment in both cultivars, but the increase was more pronounced with ‘Picholine’ than with ‘Meski’. Glucose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose, galactose and inositol were the main sugars found in the leaves and wood of olive trees. Glucose, fructose and mannitol accounted for 90% of the total soluble carbohydrate fraction. The fraction and amount of these sugars changed between cultivars and with irrigation treatment. In the control treatment, the leaves of Meski showed a high level of glucose (48%), fructose (19%) and mannitol (25%), while the leaves of Picholine showed amounts of 57, 15 and 17%, respectively. The restriction of irrigation water (50% ETc) induces an accumulation of glucose in the leaves and wood of ‘Meski’ and an accumulation of mannitol and glucose in the wood of ‘Picholine’, while the leaves showed only an increase in mannitol.     

注射防治法对番茄青枯病的防效试验

番茄青枯病又称番茄细菌性枯萎病,是贵阳地区番茄生产上的主要病害之一,在番茄生产上被称为番茄的癌症,病原细菌能在病残体上营腐生生活,即使没有寄主也能在土中存活14年以上,一旦遇到寄主的伤口,即可侵入,使植株感病,损失十分惨重.     

硝态氮抑制尖孢镰刀菌侵染促进黄瓜生长的内在生理机制

  【目的】  连作障碍严重影响设施农业的发展。不同形态氮素可影响黄瓜土传枯萎病的发生,然而其内在生理机制尚不明确。通过氮素营养调控植物–微生物互作关系,为防控土传病害的发生提供理论依据。  【方法】  以黄瓜品种津春2号和尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型菌 (FOC) 为试材,进行温室营养液培养试验。设营养液中添加铵态氮不接菌 (A)、硝态氮不接菌 (N)、铵态氮接菌 (AI) 和硝态氮接菌 (NI) 共4个处理。尖孢镰刀菌侵染8天后进行植株样品的采集及测定,包括株高、根长、生物量、病情指数、叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶片温度,并进行了叶肉细胞超微结构的观察,测定了植物全氮、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量。  【结果】  与铵态氮相比,硝态氮营养显著抑制了黄瓜植株枯萎病的发病率,并显著促进了植株的生长以及植株生物量的增加。未接菌条件下,供应铵态氮的植株光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、羧化效率及表观量子效率均显著高于供应硝态氮的植株;尖孢镰刀菌的侵染导致供应铵态氮的植株叶绿体结构受损,显著降低了其光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度、羧化效率及表观量子效率,而病原菌侵染对供应硝态氮的植株叶片光合特性无显著影响。未接菌条件下,供应铵态氮的植株叶片温度及水分利用效率显著低于供应硝态氮的植株;尖孢镰刀菌侵染后,供应铵态氮的植株叶片温度及水分利用率显著增加,而病原菌侵染对供应硝态氮的植株无显著影响。叶片温度与蒸腾速率呈显著负相关关系,而与水分利用率呈显著正相关关系。供应铵态氮的植株根系全氮、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量均显著高于供应硝态氮的植株,从而促进病原菌对供应铵态氮的植株的侵染。尖孢镰刀菌侵染后,供应铵态氮的植株根系可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,可溶性糖含量降低,而尖孢镰刀菌侵染对供应硝态氮的植株可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量无显著影响。  【结论】  硝态氮能够有效地抑制黄瓜枯萎病的发生,维持叶绿体结构的完整性,保持黄瓜植株正常的光合作用及生长,并减少碳水化合物向根系的运输,从而抑制病原菌的侵染及病害的发生。在黄瓜的设施栽培中,可适当增加硝态氮肥的施用而减少铵态氮肥的投入,以抑制土传枯萎病发生。     

不同调控措施对个旧矿区水稻土 As修复及水稻 As累积的影响

在大田试验条件下,研究了复合钝化剂A1(蛭石+硫酸亚铁),A2(纳米活性炭+硅钾钙镁肥)、A3(火山石+钙镁磷肥+有机肥)和B1(叶面硅肥)单一和联合7种不同的调控处理(A1、A2、A3、B1、A1B1、A2B1、A3B1)对云南省个旧矿区稻田As污染土壤的修复效应及对稻米As累积的影响。结果表明:添加土壤钝化剂后土壤pH值均有不同程度的升高;非专性吸附态和专性吸附态As含量均有不同程度的降低,联合调控处理效果优于单一处理;不同处理对水稻均有不同程度的增产效果,A1B1、A2B1、A3B1 3种联合调控处理后水稻产量分别增加28.0%、27.2%和29.7%,联合调控增产效果较单一好;不同处理水稻根系、茎叶、糙米中As含量和无机As含量都有不同的程度的降低,A2B1联合调控处理糙米中As含量和无机As含量分别降低60.3%和77.1%,效果较其它处理好;不同钝化剂处理下,根系到茎叶、茎叶到糙米、根系到糙米的转运系数都明显降低,A2B1联合调控处理效果较其它处理优。综上,采用土壤钝化-农艺联合调控措施,即基施蛭石和硫酸亚铁联合钝化剂,同时在水稻灌浆期和抽穗期喷施叶面硅肥(A2B1),能有效修复个旧矿区As污染土壤,有效降低糙米中As的含量和无机As含量,有效提高矿区稻米安全质量,该项技术可在As污染的农田推广应用。