中药添加剂对优质鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响

将384只21日龄试验鸡随机分为Ⅰ-Ⅳ组,每组3个重复,每个重复32只.Ⅳ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅰ-Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加2、4 mg.kg-1中药添加剂和36 mg.kg-1饲用抗生素(含6 mg.kg-1硫酸粘杆菌素和30 mg.kg-1杆菌肽锌),研究以黄芪、黄芩、茯苓、白术为主的复方中药添加剂对优质鸡生产和屠宰性能的影响.结果表明:(1)中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组试验鸡130日龄体重分别比对照组和抗生素组提高10.60%、11.92%(P<0.01)和0.81%、2.01%(P>0.05);中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和抗生素组试验鸡全程料肉比与对照组比较分别降低11.32%、12.45%、11.88%,差异均极显著(P<0.01).(2)中药Ⅰ组公鸡半净膛率比抗生素组和对照组分别提高7.64%(P<0.05)和7.54%(P<0.05);中药Ⅰ组公鸡全净膛率比抗生素组和对照组分别提高8.30%(P<0.05)和9.03%(P<0.05).(3)中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组公鸡胸肌的剪切力比对照组分别提高58.23%(P<0.05)和98.26%(P<0.05),与抗生素组比较差异均不显著(P>0.05);中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组母鸡胸肌的剪切力比抗生素组和对照组分别提高67.12%、37.54%和71.60%、41.23%,差异均显著(P<0.05).可见,中药添加剂能提高优质鸡的生产和屠宰性能,改善鸡肉品质.     

园林植物光合生理特征研究进展

园林植物光合生理特征研究是为解决环境生态问题,尤其是全球环境变化问题应运而生的一门学科,它结合园林植物生理学来分析生态学现象。植物学中最重要的生态学现象是光合作用,综述光合生理生态研究状况,以及不同因素对园林植物的光合生理生态的影响,为深入研究我国的园林植物光合生理生态资源提供参考。     

Determining the bioavailability of contaminants and assessing the quality of sediments

Background, Aims and Scope  

Our study determined if and when an avoidance or attraction behavioural response would be displayed by Ilyanassa obsoleta when presented with a choice between harbour and reference sediments. Our goal was to develop a non-lethal approach that could be used in future assessments of the environmental quality of field sediments.     

Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.     

肾上腺皮质肿瘤良恶性鉴别方法探究

肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）是一种常见的肿瘤,存在于人体的内分泌系统中,并且是引发肾上腺皮质癌（Adrcnocortical Carcinoma,ACC）进而导致死亡的主要原因.经典的＂Weiss系统＂在诊断明确性上存在种种无法解决的问题,但随着科技水平的发展,人们开始探索新的途径来鉴别ACT的良恶性,于是开始有了影像学和分子生物学技术等特异性的检查方法,从而进一步增强了诊断的明确性.现通过对比的方式,探究肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）影像学检查和分子生物学技术检查的结果,从而能更准确地鉴别其良恶性.     

苦楝种源幼林期生长性状地理变异的研究

【目的】了解苦楝Melia azedarach种源的生长性状地理变异及其规律,选择适宜在广东地区造林的优良种源,为苦楝造林种子调拨提供依据。【方法】采集苦楝分布区53个种源,在广州增城开展种源试验,观测了幼林期树高、地径、侧枝数、干型和冠幅等性状,分析其地理变异规律,并探讨种源地理变异的气候生态学基础。【结果】各种源在6个性状间均存在明显的差异,其中树高和地径在种源间的差异最大,变异幅度分别为5~280 cm和1.2~64.0 cm。方差分析结果显示,除干型在种源间的差异达显著(P0.05)水平,其余5个性状在种源间的差异均达到极显著(P0.01)水平。树高、东西冠幅和南北冠幅等性状的重复力达到40%以上,说明这些性状较其他3个性状在种源间的差异更为稳定,而地径重复力仅为29.92%,表明地径在种源间表现的差异稳定性较弱。苦楝苗期生长性状地理变异趋势为:采种点由南至北,苗期生长变慢,高海拔种源生长更快。各性状受纬度、经度和海拔多重控制,但各生长性状多以纬向变异为主。生长性状的地理变异存在明显的气候生态学特征。气温较高、降水丰富、气压低、平均最低气温高、日照丰富地区的种源苗期生长快,生物量大。根据种源幼林生长性状采用欧氏距离离差平方和进行聚类,可以将53个种源大致划分为6个类群,且分类群具有明显的地理格局。【结论】各种源存在明显的地理变异规律,初步挑选出生长快、生物量大、干型优良、适应性好的种源740、629、843和349作为适宜广东地区造林的优势种源。     

Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus halepensis</Emphasis> somatic embryogenesis is affected by the physical and chemical conditions at the initial stages of the process

Pinus halepensis has been described as a drought-tolerant species with high plasticity to growth in different environments. Its eco-physiological characteristics could facilitate the use of this species in large afforestations in the future scenery of climate change. Somatic embryogenesis is a biotechnological tool with potential for large-scale clonal propagation. In order to establish an improved regeneration protocol for Pinus halepensis, the effects of different temperatures (18, 23, and 28 °C) and water availability conditions (2, 3, and 4 g L^?1 Gelrite^®), during initiation of embryonal masses on the rate of initiation, proliferation, maturation, and the number of embryos developed, were evaluated. It was found that environmental conditions during the initiation stage of Pinus halepensis somatic embryogenesis influence the success of initiation and proliferation. In contrast, there was no effect of these conditions on the maturation rates and the number of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were obtained in all treatments tested, indicating that plants can be produced from extreme conditions of induction, such as high temperatures (28 °C) and low water availability conditions (4 g L^?1).     

不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质的影响

不同土地利用方式会影响土壤碳氮通量的活性有机质储量,以撂荒地、沙棘灌木林、华北落叶松人工林和华北落叶松-白桦-山杨混交林为研究对象,测定土壤容重、持水量、粒径组成、分型维数和pH值,并应用H2SO4两步酸水解法测定了土壤活性和顽固性碳氮的季节变化。结果表明:5年弃耕撂荒地土壤理化特征及不同活性有机质含量最差,而沙棘灌木林和乔木林在土壤物理、化学特征和有机质含量方面均有所提高,尤以混交林土壤质量最佳。有机碳和不同活性碳是撂荒地的2～3倍左右,总氮及不同活性氮提高幅度较小,在1.1～1.5之间。土壤活性碳氮受季节变化较大,其中活性碳季节变化幅度更为显著,同时季节效应因土地利用方式而异。土壤持水量、粘粒和分型维数与顽固性有机质含量间存在显著的相关性,活性碳氮分别与有机碳和总氮显著相关。各监测指标显示在几种不同土地利用方式中,自然次生混交林是最佳土地利用方式。