内生真菌对高寒草地紫花针茅凋落物分解的影响

禾草内生真菌对于提高宿主植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐性发挥着积极作用,然而,禾草内生真菌共生体凋落物分解对于草地生态系统养分循环的影响仍不清楚.本研究以紫花针茅为研究对象,比较带内生真菌(E+)与不带内生真菌(E-)植株凋落物分解过程中重量及全氮、木质素和纤维素含量,以及木质素:N、纤维素:N与全氮、木质素和纤维素残留率...     

弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在妊娠期山羊黄体细胞中的共存

【目的】探讨S-100蛋白、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和突触素(SYP)4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在黄体细胞中的共存情况。【方法】采取妊娠中期(50~70 d)奶山羊卵巢,常规方法制备石蜡切片,采用免疫荧光双标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,对4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物的分布进行了检测。【结果】S-100蛋白与SYP共存于同一黄体细胞中,表达呈强阳性,阳性细胞主要分布在黄体周边,占总阳性细胞的56.57%。S-100蛋白与5-HT、5-HT与SYP、NSE与SYP、5-HT与NSE、S-100蛋白与NSE共存的细胞呈弱阳性,分别占总阳性细胞的18.42%,15.67%,4.31%,4.30%和0.73%,均匀分布于整个黄体中。【结论】S-100蛋白、5-HT、NSE和SYP在山羊黄体细胞中有两两共存现象。     

中草药提取物对香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病病原菌的抑制作用

本研究测试了 123 种常见中草药提取物对香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病病原菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,供试提取物 100 倍稀释液对菌株 B1 的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用在 50 %以上的分别有 15 种和 14 种;对菌株B2 的菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制作用在 50 %以上的提取物分别有 7 种和 9 种。进一步测试发现,经过 200 倍 稀释,只有丁香提取物和厚朴提取物对菌株 B1 的菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制作用均达到 50 %以上。丁香提取物对菌株 B1 和菌株 B2 菌丝生长的抑制中浓度分别为 3 396.31 μg/mL 和 3 375.87 μg/mL。     

拉萨河流域非点源污染输出风险评估

有效识别流域非点源污染高风险区,对污染控制与管理以及水环境质量改善具有重要意义。该研究以拉萨河流域为研究对象,构建包括降雨、地形和施肥影响因子的输出风险模型,识别流域各级非点源污染输出风险的地域单元。结果表明:1996年和2010年,非点源污染输出风险概率分别为50.0%和46.3%;非点源污染风险处于较高以上程度的区域面积分别为12 985.8和11 628.0 km2,占全区总面积的38.9%和34.9%;与1996年相比,2010年非点源污染风险程度由低级别向高级别转换的总面积约为6 674.3 km2。拉萨河流域非点源污染发生的风险概率为中等,风险程度在局部范围内有所下降,主要表现在高风险区域面积减少、低风险区域面积增加,但是中等和较高风险区域面积有增加趋势。土地利用变化、农业生产和水土流失是非点源污染发生的主要原因,应巩固生态环境综合治理成果,提前应对可能出现的非点源污染问题,制定生态农业发展规划,营造控制非点源污染迁移的植被缓冲带。     

香樟8个无性系叶绿素荧光特征比较

应用叶绿素荧光测定技术分别测定香樟8个无性系的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:无性系Pc-2、Pc-1、Pc-706的叶绿素仪测定值(SPAD)、可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(QY)等值均高于其它5个无性系,非光化学猝灭系数(npq)相对较低,这3个无性系具有较好的光合生理功能,是城市绿化的优良树种。相关分析表明:Fv、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、QY、qp、ΦPSⅡ与SPAD值呈正相关,npq与SPAD值及其它荧光参数均呈负相关。     

草地螟迁飞活动的雷达观测

80年代初期,我国草地螟猖獗为害,其虫源和迁飞问题不清。1984年6月在山西省雁北地区应县应用雷达观测了草地螟蛾的迁飞活动,并辅以地面发生动态调查,查明当地越冬茧密度约达每平方公里2000万头,6月2日羽化率为2.7%,6月10日达66%。成虫在15℃以下不飞行,15—17℃受震动后,在近地面几十厘米高处做数米距离的飞行;18℃以上则能主动飞行;20℃以上大量主动飞行。迁飞的高度在400m 以下,多在80—240m之间。成虫一般白天不起飞,多数在日落前后起飞。飞行方向与气流方向一致,多数向东北方向迁飞。在当地羽化盛期,当出现西南气流、气温上升达20℃以上时成虫大量迁飞。     

天津港口疏浚淤泥悬浮物对海洋动物的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度的悬浮物对鲈鱼和梭鱼幼体的毒性效应。实验结果表明:疏浚淤泥悬浮相对其效应明显。21℃和24℃试验水温时,悬浮物对鲈鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96hLC50为1 711.2mg/L、1 052.8mg/L;安全浓度分别为:171.12、105.28mg/L;悬浮物对梭鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96h LC50为453.6、168.1mg/L;安全浓度分别为:45.36、16.81mg/L。随温度、悬浮物浓度的升高,毒性效应呈增强趋势。     

TOPSIS法在农业综合生产力评价中的应用

农业综合生产力是一个多层次多指标的评价过程。文章将多目标决策的 TOPSIS法用于农业生产能力的综合评价中 ,根据各评价指标特征值之间的变异程度 ,利用变异系数确定其权重并建立了评价模型。并将该方法应用于南京地区 5县 4区的农业综合生产力评价中 ,结果得出江宁县的农业生产力水平最高 ,江浦县的农业生产力水平最低 ,这一评价结果与投影寻踪模型及多层次关联评价方法所得结果相同     

Effect of dietary taurine levels on growth performance and taurine content of Nibea albiflora larvae

The effect of taurine supplementation to a microencapsulated diet at 0 % (T-0 %), 1 % (T-1 %) and 2 % (T-2 %) level on growth performance and taurine content of Nibea albiflora larvae was evaluated. The microencapsulated diet was prepared using wet granulation and fluidized bed coating process. Scanning electron microscopy microphotography of the microencapsulated diet showed the appearance with a dense film around the core. More than 50 % of diet particles were between 250 and 590 μm. A 30-day feeding experiment was conducted with larvae at 15 days after hatching (DAH), in which larvae were weaned at 20 DAH from copepods to the experimental diets or fed copepods throughout the experimental period. The survival and total length of larvae were significantly higher in T-1 % group compared with T-0 % group (P < 0.05). The survival, total length and wet weight of larvae were significantly higher in T-2 % group compared with T-0 % group (P < 0.05). Fish larvae fed copepods had the best growth performance in survival, total length and wet weight, which were significantly higher than those in other treatments (P < 0.05). The taurine content of larvae fed with supplemental taurine (T-2 %, T-1 %) was significantly higher than that of larvae fed without supplemental taurine (T-0 %) (P < 0.05). These results confirmed that taurine is an essential nutrient for N. albiflora larvae.     

Two spawning stocks of icefish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neosalanx taihuensis</Emphasis> revealed from annual reproductive cycle analyses

Neosalanx taihuensis were sampled from the Tian-e-zhou Oxbow from March 2006 through November 2007. Two separate spawning seasons were identified based on the annual reproductive cycles of the females, designated as the autumn-spawning season and the spring-spawning season. Lifespan of the offspring of the spring-spawning fish was 1 year, with them dying after the subsequent spring spawning. Autumn-spawned females seem to be the offspring of the spring-spawning fish, based on monthly changes in the length–frequency distributions. Spring-mature females had higher absolute fecundity, gonadosomatic index, and relative condition factor in 2007 than in 2006. Relative condition factor of the immature female offspring of spring-spawning fish was higher in 2007 than in 2006, portending a further increase in reproductive investment during the spring spawning of 2008. The increasing reproductive investment suggests that the population of N. taihuensis in the Tian-e-zhou Oxbow may be recovering from its recent decline.