冬小麦种质矮孟牛及其衍生后代1BL/1RS的分子和生化标记鉴定

本研究以小麦骨干亲本矮孟牛及其33个衍生品种(系)为材料,利用低分子量(LMW)麦谷蛋白Glu-B3位点的STS-PCR标记、醇溶蛋白Gli-B1位点的SSR标记和黑麦碱SEC-1b位点的STS-PCR标记进行复合PCR,检测1BL/IRS易位.结果表明,矮孟牛Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ型含有1BL/1RS染色体,矮孟牛Ⅰ和Ⅲ型不含1BL/1RS;在矮孟牛的33个衍生后代中,25个含1BL/1RS,其余8个则不含1BL/1RS.利用A-PAGE技术对上述材料进行了黑麦碱蛋白的检测,结果与复合PCR一致,两种方法相结合能准确的检测1BL/1RS.     

转Bt基因棉32B 不同生育期抗虫性的变化及其机理

对转Bt基因抗虫棉“32B”不同生育期抗虫性以及叶片中Bt毒蛋白、水溶性蛋白、总蛋白、单宁含量进行了测定与分析。转Bt基因棉各生育期抗虫性动态变化趋势为 :整个苗期抗虫性均较强 ,现蕾期有所下降 ,生长中后期显著下降至最低。研究表明 :32B棉叶中Bt毒蛋白含量的变化与生测抗虫性的动态变化一致 ,并与棉叶中蛋白质代谢呈正相关 ,苗期叶片中蛋白质合成代谢旺盛 ,Bt毒蛋白含量则高 ;生长后期叶片中蛋白质合成代谢衰退 ,Bt毒蛋白含量则降低 ;叶片中单宁含量与生测抗性及叶片蛋白质含量、Bt毒蛋白含量均呈负相关 ,表明单宁与Bt毒蛋白含量及抗虫性之间可能存在拮抗作用     

不同因素对磨盘柿色素稳定性的影响

通过对磨盘柿果实色素的乙醇提取液进行不同处理 ,对果实色素的稳定性进行了研究。在阳光直射 5d以内、室内自然光照射 2 5d以内或在室内避光保存 30d以内的条件下 ,磨盘柿色素在可见光区的最大吸收波长未发生改变 ,但吸光值降低 ,柿色素保留率在 6 0 %以上 ;80℃以上的高温对柿色素有破坏作用 ,但 6 0℃ ,2h以内的高温条件下柿色素的稳定性良好 ;柿色素溶液在pH 6～ 11范围内呈稳定状态 ;供试的 9种金属离子中 ,铁离子对柿色素的稳定性影响最大 ,0 12 5mmol·L-1以上的铁离子使柿色素溶液变浑浊 ,出现沉淀 ,Cu2 + ,Ca2 + 和K+ 次之 ,而Al3 + ,Na+ ,Zn2 + 和Mg2 + 影响较小。质量分数为 1%的苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对柿色素稳定性影响不大 ;而质量分数为 2 %的VC对柿色素有保护作用。在加工利用和保存柿色素时 ,需提供有利柿色素的稳定条件 ,才能保持柿色素的营养价值。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

小型多功能底盘稻麦割晒机研究

针对贵州山区田块小而分散,提出设计稻麦割晒机时应采用适应多种田间作业需要的通用底盘。小型多功能底盘主要由多功能底盘、发动机、动力传动系统、操作手柄及前后连接支架组成,多功能底盘上安装前后连接支架,根据田间农作物作业需要,与通用底盘快速挂接,可完成旋耕整地、开沟起垄、播种施肥、灌水施药及稻麦割晒等作业。该底盘可构建多功能作业机组,扩大机具使用范围和利用率,解决丘陵山地小田块机械化收割问题。     

基于MatLab和DSP的哈密瓜纹理分割与分类

以新疆特色水果哈密瓜为研究对象,提出一种利用Matlab辅助DSP提取哈密瓜纹理的方法。该方法首先利用Matlab把待处理的图像转换为数据文件(dat文件),然后利用DSP强大的运算能力分割哈密瓜表面纹理特征,并将分割结果同样以dat文件传递给Mat Lab,最后利用Mat Lab强大的数据分析与图像显示能力建立哈密瓜分类模型。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对哈密瓜表面纹理进行分割与分类,分类准确率为88.10%。该方法不但能够缩短DSP系统的开发周期,且能够为今后开发基于DSP的哈密瓜品质实时检测系统奠定基础。     

铁皮石斛在人工光型密闭式植物工厂的适宜光照强度

人工光型密闭式植物工厂适于高附加值植物尤其是珍贵药用植物的大规模/低成本化生产,其环境调控对珍贵药用植物的产量和质量有重要影响。笔者研究探索在控制温度、湿度、CO2浓度和光周期的条件下,光照强度对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)组培苗生长发育的影响,以期找到铁皮石斛组培阶段在人工光可控环境下的适宜光照环境。鲜重约300mg的铁皮石斛单腋芽作为外植体在温度24±1℃、湿度65±5%、光周期12h/d、及光期CO2浓度800±50μmol/mol的环境条件下,设置光照强度为37、68、92、120μmol/(m2·s)的4组试验区,并使用容积为380mL的方型聚碳酸酯组培容器在人工光型密闭式植物工厂中培育92d。组培容器的顶部留2个直径为10mm的圆孔覆盖高分子透气膜用来与容器外进行气体交换。铁皮石斛组培苗的生长发育和生理活性在光照强度为68μmol/(m2·s)时最佳,超过92μmol/(m2·s)时呈现明显的光抑制;多糖含量随着光照强度的增强而增加,超过92μmol/(m2·s)时呈下降趋势,但是68和92μmol/(m2·s)光照强度试验区的多糖含量没有显著性差异。因此,铁皮石斛组培苗在人工光型密闭式植物工厂内培育的适宜光照强度为60￣70μmol/(m2·s)。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immune Stimulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida

Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been reported to have immunomodulation effects through the increase of the activation and function of macrophages. In this study, the regulating effect of LMWF from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand on dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. We discovered that LMWF could stimulate DCs’ maturation and migration, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells’ proliferation in vitro. We proved that this immune promoting activity is activated through TLR4 and its downstream MAPK and NF–κB signaling pathways. Further in vivo (mouse model) investigation showed that LMWF has a strong immunological boosting effect, such as facilitating the proliferation of immune cells and increasing the index of immune organs. These findings suggest that LMWF has a positive immunomodulatory effect and is a promising candidate to supplement cancer immunotherapy.     

不同发育阶段谷蠹侵害对储藏小麦蛋白结构的影响

为探索谷蠹在不同生长发育阶段对储藏小麦蛋白结构的影响,该文以谷蠹种虫感染后的小麦为研究对象,对谷蠹不同发育阶段(卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫期)侵害后小麦中麦谷蛋白大聚合体(glutenin macropolymer,GMP)、沉降值、面筋蛋白持水力、蛋白二级结构、巯基(-SH)、二硫键(-S-S-)及面筋显微结构进行测定与分析。结果表明:在谷蠹发育的4个阶段,GMP、沉降值、β转角总体呈增加趋势,-SH、β折叠比例变化与之相反;面筋蛋白持水力、-S-S-和α螺旋比例总体呈先降后升趋势,无规卷曲比例变化则与之相反。卵期谷蠹危害较小,只有β转角和面筋蛋白持水力有显著变化(P0.05);幼虫期和蛹期谷蠹危害严重,与相同试验条件下相应时期的无虫小麦对照样相比,GMP、无规卷曲和β转角比例及沉降值均显著增加(P0.05),面筋蛋白持水力、-SH、-S-S-、α螺旋和β折叠显著减少(P0.05)。面筋蛋白显微结构显示:随着谷蠹在小麦籽粒内部发育,面筋表面粗糙程度加重,微纤维状丝增多,结构疏松散乱,断裂严重,至成虫期时,面筋结构已无法识别,因此在实际储藏过程中不仅要关注成虫的数量,还应注意及时控制谷蠹的生长发育。     

农林环境机器视觉导航路径生成算法及应

提出两种自然环境中的路径导航线生成算法:对于矮小作物规则分布的农田场景,在标准Hough变换的基础上,预先检测共线点峰值的限定偏角阈值,以迅速检测关键信息;对于林地环境及类林地环境的高大作物农田场景,寻找树干与地面的交点,形成机器人行走的左右边界,再求两边交点的中值产生一列点簇.对该列点簇进行Hough变换检测直线作为导航线,或应用最小二乘法拟合左右边界,求其中线作为路径导航线.Matlab对比仿真表明,几种算法对各自适用的场景具有可靠稳定的路径辨识能力,可对图像进行有效的批量处理.