硒蛋白的基因表达与调控

硒蛋白是微量元素硒以硒代半胱氯酸(SeC)形式进入多肽链的蛋白质。SeC的遗传密码是UGA。在原核细胞中,4种基因产物SELA、SELB、SELC和SELD参与了硒蛋白的合成过程。真核生物硒蛋白mRNA3’-UTR的硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(SECIS)是真核细胞UGA密码编码SeC的顺式作用元件。动物的硒营养状态不影响硒蛋白基因的转录,但影响硒蛋白mRNA的稳定性。饲料硒水平与含硒酶活性呈正相关。     

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.     

生物芯片技术研究进展

生物芯片是指通过微电子、微加工技术在芯片表面构建的微型生物化学分析系统,以实现对细胞、DNA、蛋白质、组织、糖类及其他生物组分进行快速、敏感、高效的处理和分析,是近些年来发展迅速的一项高新技术。生物芯片主要包括基因芯片、蛋白质芯片、组织芯片等。作者主要概述了生物芯片技术的研究进展及在各个领域内的应用。     

水果检测装置夹持臂的有限元分析

夹持翻转机构是大型水果无损检测装置的关键部件,主要功能是夹持哈密瓜后翻转,对其瓜体全表面进行图像采集,为无损检测分析提供数据。图像采集对机构的稳定性要求较高,其强度和稳定性直接影响检测效果。为此,运用Pro/E建立了检测装置的三维模型,并用有限元分析软件ANSYS对夹持翻转机构进行了不同工况下的静态分析及模态分析,得到夹持臂在工作时的应力应变云图及模态频率。分析表明,影响夹持机构振动特性的模态频率主要集中在8Hz左右,为其机构设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

车辆半主动悬架控制器的设计与研究

根据半主动悬架系统的研究现状,设计了嵌入式智能控制器,采用模糊神经网络控制算法,调节车辆半主动悬架系统阻尼系数,在8位单片机上实现了该算法,并且在实验室进行了台架试验,试验结果表明,所设计的控制器可以满足半主动悬架控制系统的要求.     

晋西昕水河流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局动态分析

本文以晋西昕水河流域为典型实例，概述了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设背景。依据流域内各类型区在不同时段的土地利用结构和生态经济特征，进行流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局变化分析，表明了流域内景观多样性和异质性不断增加的发展趋势，以及确定各区主要发展方向，实行综合开发与治理的必要性，并提出了相应的流域生态经济型防护林体系动态调控途径。     

晋西刺槐人工林生长分化过程分析

提要：利用56株解析木,分析了不同密度、坡向、坡位刺槐林生长分化特征。研究表明：不同密度、坡向、坡位的林分生长量、速生期长短不一,导致了林木分化。分化过程主要表现在分级木的相互转换中。刺槐林以树高、胸径表述的转换率分别为：35．7％,21．4％。将坡向按转换率从高到低的排序为：阳坡、半阳坡、阴坡。不同坡向以树高、胸径表...     

植物保护与加入WTO--机遇·挑战·对策

中国加入ＷＴＯ(即加入世界贸易组织 ,下称入世 )的前景已越来越明朗。入世对农业的影响是全方位的 ,不仅在推进农业的国际化和市场化进程、促进调整产业结构、转变增长方式等将产生重大影响 ,而且对农业生产管理的方法、行为形成的影响也是较大的。植物保护是农业生产的一个重要组成部分 ,入世后植保不是台下的“观众” ,同样也将受到ＷＴＯ规则不同程度的影响。我国对外开放多年来的实践说明 ,尽快调整和适应对入世的观念和心态 ,树立正确而坚定的竞争意识 ,是我们植保工作者应采取的积极姿态。1　入世以后植物保护面临的机遇从未来的趋势…     

可调节式甘蓝钵苗取苗末端执行器设计与试验

针对现有取苗末端执行器取苗针间距固定、适应性差,难以实现按需调整以适应移栽过程中不同规格穴盘钵苗取苗的问题,设计了一种插入针间距可调的针式取苗末端执行器。该执行器由直流电动推杆驱动,取苗针沿根钵四角倾斜插入。通过调整调节滑块和针座在支架上的位置,实现取苗针间距的调整。本文以72穴、128穴和200穴3种规格甘蓝穴盘所育钵苗为研究对象,研究了3种规格穴盘钵苗苗龄对根钵形成与甘蓝幼苗生长发育的影响,确定了取苗末端执行器主要结构参数,并对取苗瞬间进行了受力分析。在根钵均已形成的前提下,运用EDEM对根钵提取进行单因素仿真模拟,以穴盘规格、取苗加速度、取苗针插入边距比和根钵含水率为试验因素,根钵完整率和取苗失败率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验,考察试验因素对评价指标的影响,通过极差分析、方差分析和综合加权法,得到各因素对评价指标影响的主次顺序为取苗加速度、根钵含水率、穴盘规格、插入比;得到优选参数组合：取苗加速度为0.1m/s2,根钵含水率为56.2%,穴盘规格为128穴,插入边距比为15%,此时根钵完整率为97.93%,取苗失败率为0.81%。     

The mechanical roles of the clasping leaf sheath in cereals: Two case studies from oat and wheat plants

Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential.