板栗夏季硬枝贴接技术

板栗于１－２月播种育砧,当年夏季（５－７月）砧木地径达０．４ｃｍ以上,嫁接部位（离地面５．０ｃｍ）直径０．３ｃｍ以上时,采用硬枝贴接技术嫁接。１１月调查结果表明,成活率在８５％以上,嫁接苗地径在０．６ｃｍ以上。苗木高度与品种和嫁接时期相关;长枝型如魁栗生长量大,嫁接可在７月２０日以前;短枝型如短刺毛板红生长量少,嫁接应在６月２０日之前。当年嫁苗平均高生长量为７１．８ｃｍ,达到出国要求。     

Challenge studies of European stocks of redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus

A challenge model for comparison of the virulence of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) to European stocks of redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was tested. The model investigated intraperitoneal (IP), bath and cohabitation routes at 10, 15 and 20 °C for 5–6 g fish and 15 °C for 20 g perch. In the IP challenges of perch, significant mortality occurred at 15 °C and 20 °C. In challenge trials for rainbow trout, significant mortalities were observed in IP and bath challenges at 20 °C. The mortality observed in IP challenged 20 g perch was not significantly different from that recorded for 6 g fish challenged IP. No significant mortality was observed in any other treatment groups. Re-isolation of ranavirus was confirmed by IFAT and was consistently associated with dead or moribund fish in the trial groups challenged with EHNV. The findings indicate that EHNV does not pose a high risk for wild perch and trout populations in Europe by natural exposure. Mortality appears to be primarily a function of environmental factors, with temperature playing an important role, and not just the presence of the virus in the fish.     

Sterols that modify moulting in insects

The development of insects is under the control of a steroid hormone, ecdysone. This paper reviews suicide substrate type inactivators designed to inhibit the biosynthesis of ecdysone. Several series of acetylenic derivatives of cholesterol were synthesized and their biological effects on the prothoracic glands of the locust were investigated in vitro, enabling structure-activity relationships to be studied. Information on the ability of brassinosteroids, a series of plant growth regulators, to inhibit ecdysteroid activities of insects is discussed as a precursor to a study of brassinosteroid ecdysone mimics.     

Production of a desirable Brassica oleracea CMS line using an alloplasmic B. rapa CMS line carrying Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm as a bridge plant

In Brassica oleracea, production of F₁ hybrid seeds mainly makes use of the improved Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. However, reliance on one particular line is a risk, and it would be advantageous to develop other CMS lines. In this study, we transferred Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm to B. oleracea cultivars using an alloplasmic B. rapaCMS line as a bridge plant to avoid incompatibility between donor and recipient plants. The new B. oleraceaCMS lines, which were derived by four generations of backcrossing, had small rudimentary anthers with no pollen grain and showed complete male sterility. There was no functional defect in other floral organs, and the ability to receive normal pollen did not appear to be impaired. Moreover, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm had larger leaf areas and a normal plastochron. As a consequence, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm have the potential to be valuable alternatives for use in commercial B. oleracea hybrid seed production.     

Molecular tracing confirms that infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus follows the smolt from hatchery to grow‐out farm

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important restraint to production of salmonids in aquaculture globally. In order to implement efficacious mitigation strategies for control of this disease, it is important to understand infection routes under current production systems. IPN virus has been shown to be transmitted vertically in Rainbow trout, from broodstock to fingerlings in hatcheries, and there is circumstantial evidence suggesting that vertical transmission can also occur in Atlantic salmon, in addition to horizontal transmission between grow‐out fish in farms. In this study, we show that the smolt carries infection with IPN from hatchery to the marine farm. We do this by comparing sequences from fish groups taken both in hatcheries and on corresponding marine grow‐out farms. We use statistical analysis to prove that sequences obtained from the same fish group in both hatchery and marine farm are more similar than sequences obtained from random fish groups on hatcheries and marine farms.     

特色烤烟品种筛选试验

对11 个烤烟品种进行了特色品种筛选试验。结果表明,南江三号的田间生长势最好; 红花大金元、云烟85、Va116 田间生长势较好,经济价值较高;GY2、GY5、GY8、G140 的田间生长 势最差,经济价值低;南江3 号的产量为152.83kg/亩、产值为2081.54 元/亩,在11 个烤烟品种中 最高;贵烟4 号的产值为1836 元/亩,烤后烟叶叶片薄厚适中,油分充足,组织为疏松,上中等烟比 例达到90.61%,烤后烟叶质量最好。     

巴西橡胶树叶肉细胞原生质体中细胞骨架结构及动态观察

细胞骨架通过结构的重排在植物响应逆境胁迫的过程中起着重要作用。本研究克隆真菌微丝结合蛋白的一段保守结构域lifeact及小鼠MAP4的微管结合结构域MBD,构建与荧光蛋白EGFP融合表达的瞬时表达载体,利用原生质体瞬时表达体系成功观察到了橡胶树叶肉细胞中微丝和微管骨架的结构,并通过对原生质体细胞进行不同处理观察胞内微丝和微管骨架的结构变化。此外,本研究还成功的捕捉到橡胶树原生质体细胞中微丝及微管的动态行为。      

Viral co‐infections in farmed Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., displaying myocarditis

Several different viruses have been associated with myocarditis‐related diseases in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated the presence of PMCV, SAV, PRV and the recently identified Atlantic salmon calicivirus (ASCV), alone and as co‐infections in farmed Atlantic salmon displaying myocarditis. The analyses were performed at the individual level and comprised qPCR and histopathological examination of 397 salmon from 25 farms along the Norwegian coast. The samples were collected in 2009 and 2010, 5–22 months post‐sea transfer. The study documented multiple causes of myocarditis and revealed co‐infections including individual fish infected with all four viruses. There was an overall correlation between lesions characteristic of CMS and PD and the presence of PMCV and SAV, respectively. Although PRV was ubiquitously present, high viral loads were with a few exceptions, correlated with lesions characteristic of HSMI. ASCV did not seem to have any impact on myocardial infection by PMCV, SAV or PRV. qPCR indicated a negative correlation between PMCV and SAV viral loads. Co‐infections result in mixed and atypical pathological changes which pose a challenge for disease diagnostic work.