家鸡Mx基因多态性及其诱变修饰的研究

研究采用错PCR-RFLP的方法对家鸡14个品种的Mx基因变异性分布进行了探索;并利用PCR突变技术将Mx基因全长cDNA第2032位碱基由G突变为A(即631位氨基酸的改变),并将突变的Mx基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.0,转染COS-I细胞,进行RT-PCR与间接免疫荧光(IFA)鉴定,研究结果显示,14个品种Mx基因的2032位点存在2个等位基因(A、G),3种基因型(AA、AG、GG),其中鹿苑鸡、狼山鸡、斗鸡未发现AA型个体,茶花鸡未发现GG个体;并成功对Mx基因进行PCR诱变修饰和构建了能够表达鸡Mx基因的重组真核表达载体,为其体内外表达及生物学活性的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

Migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis in rats after oral inoculation of free-living infective larvae

Strongyloides venezuelensis (SVZ) infection was chronologically monitored in 85 Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR), which were orally inoculated with approximately 1,000 infective larvae. In order to describe the characteristics of migrating larvae (MLS) in various visceral organs (the liver, lung, cardiac blood, and small intestine), 5 SDR were sacrificed at 20 min, 45 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 16 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, 96 hr, 120 hr, 144 hr, 168 hr and 192 hr post inoculation (PI). MLS were recovered from the liver and blood 20 and 45 min PI and measured 788 +/- 26 microm and 846 +/- 40 microm in length, respectively. MLS were first observed in the lung tissue 45 min PI and measured 925 +/- 38 microm on the average. In the trachea, MLS measuring 849 +/- 75 microm appeared 3 to 96 hrs PI. Adult worms (AWS) measuring 1,926 +/- 521 microm to 2,956 +/- 159 microm in length were observed in the small intestine from 120 hr PI. The worms appeared to mature more than 168 hr PI and attained the average maximum length of 2,420 +/- 532 microm. At 3 hr PI focal hyperemic and necrotic lesions were evidently observed in the liver and lung, together with eosinophilic infiltration in the stomach, liver, and lung. The parasites were histologically detectable in the lung tissues but were very difficult to find in the liver and the epithelial layer of small intestine. These data demonstrate that SVZ parasites take 20 min to reach the liver via the stomach and only three hours to reach the trachea through the same route. The development from eggs to adults takes 168 hr in the SDR model.     

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献   

西北牧区灌溉人工草地适宜发展规模分析

针对西北牧区水资源和草地资源已被超极限利用的现状,应用水草畜平衡原理,分析了西北牧区灌溉人工草地的发展规模,提出了西北牧区灌溉人工草地适宜发展规模为215.76～239.71万hm^2,载畜量控制在13833.18万羊单位之内即可实现草畜平衡,总体可达到人工种植冷季补饲水平。新增灌溉需水量约为71.85～83.55亿m^3,占2000年灌溉总用水量（777亿m^3）的9.25%～10.75%。解决这一灌溉需水量的可行途径是建设节水型社会,提高水资源利用效率。     

Cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders

Objectives To determine (1) the common types of canine splenic disorders, and the breeds affected, that are diagnosed by cytopathological and histopathological examination in Sydney, Australia and (2) the accuracy of cytopathological examination compared with histopathological examination for the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. Design 69 cytopathological and 51 histopathological diagnoses of canine splenic disorders presented to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, The University of Sydney during 2006 and 2007 were tabulated and analysed; 17 cases examined both cytopathologically and histopathologically during 2001–07 were also analysed. Results The most common cytopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (29%), followed by no abnormalities detectable (28%), malignant neoplasms (20%), equivocal diagnoses (20%) and inflammatory disorders (3%). The most common breeds were Kelpie crosses and mixed breeds. The most common histopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (49%), followed by malignant neoplasms (43%) and inflammatory disorders (8%). The most common breeds were German Shepherd Dogs, Boxers and Maltese Terriers. Cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses were in complete agreement in 59% of cases, partial agreement in 29% and disagreement in 12%. Conclusion Benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis were the most commonly diagnosed canine splenic disorders, both cytopathologically and histopathologically. Kelpie crosses presented most frequently for cytopathological examination. German Shepherd Dogs were the most common breed diagnosed histopathologically with haemangiosarcoma. Although cytopathological and histopathological splenic examinations are complementary for diagnosis, this study has shown a high correlation for complete and partial agreement between the two.     

牛副结核分枝杆菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为建立牛副结核分枝杆菌(MAP)的快速检测方法,本研究采用环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术,以MAP的IS900基因序列为靶基因设计特异性引物,建立了MAP特异性的LAMP快速检测方法。经反应条件优化,检测结果显示,建立的LAMP检测方法具有良好的特异性,最低见测量为0.53 pg;与其他病原菌无任何交叉反应。临床样品检测与行业标准的符合率为100%。该LAMP检测方法可以用于MAP的常规检疫。     

FZD5在山羊妊娠早期的表达及激素调控

实验旨在研究雌性山羊早期妊娠和发情周期中 Frizzled-5(FZD5)蛋白在子宫中的表达,以及类固醇激素对 FZD5 的表达调控。选取发情周期、早期妊娠及雌激素(50 μg/mL)与孕酮(50 ng/mL)处理山羊的子宫组织,采用免疫组织化学染色、荧光定量 PCR和 Western blot检测 FZD5在山羊子宫中的表达规律。结果表明:FZD5 蛋白在山羊妊娠早期的子宫腔上皮和腺上皮中表达;FZD5 mRNA 和蛋白在胚胎与子宫的黏附前(D6)和黏附中(D16)表达较高,在黏附后(D19)和胎盘形成早期(D25)呈下降趋势;孕酮处理导致FZD5表达降低,表明山羊子宫中孕酮下调 FZD5的表达。研究提示FZD5可能在山羊胚胎着床过程中发挥作用。     

鸭疫里默杆菌与大肠杆菌融合株的构建

对鸭疫里默杆菌（YL1）和大肠杆菌（ZYD2）原生质体的制备、再生、融合条件进行优化,成功获得了64株具有双亲菌株耐药性,能够同时凝集兔抗ZYD2血清和兔抗YL1血清,且能够稳定遗传的融合菌株;通过培养特性、菌落特征、融合菌株形态染色特性、生化试验等鉴定,筛选出4株典型融合菌株DL4、DL5、DL8、DL29。攻毒试验表明,ZYD2的半数致死量为1.5×107,YL1的半数致死量为5.0×107,4株典型融合菌株的半数致死量分别为2.8×108、1.7×108、1.0×109、4.4×109,融合菌株毒性比亲本菌株毒性减弱。免疫保护试验和免疫鸭抗体水平测定结果证实,融合菌株具有良好免疫原性。     

饲粮不同油脂来源对肉鸡脂类代谢及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮不同油脂来源对肉鸡脂类代谢及相关基因表达的影响.选取160只平均体重为(46.00±0.26)g的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别饲喂油脂为豆油和猪油的饲粮.试验期为21 d.结果表明:饲粮不同油脂来源对21日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、...     

利用脂质体法建立转Toll样受体4基因大尾寒羊胎儿成纤维细胞株的研究

利用脂质体转染法获得转Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptors 4,TLR4)基因的成纤维细胞,将其作为供体细胞,再通过体细胞核移植技术构建重构胚,最终生产出转TLR4基因且性别可控的大尾寒羊。本研究通过原代培养大尾寒羊胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞,并进行SRY基因性别鉴定,利用脂质体转染法转入TLR4基因,然后分别从形态学与分子水平检测TLR4基因的表达,将稳定表达转TLR4的成纤维细胞核移植入绵羊去核卵母细胞中构建重构胚。最终获得5个稳定表达TLR4的阳性细胞克隆,经SRY基因性别鉴定为雌性细胞株,通过实时荧光定量PCR分析,在第4代转染的细胞中TLR4表达量最高,比未转染细胞高出7.4816倍(P<0.01),卵裂的重构胚中有EGFP的表达。试验成功构建出含TLR4基因的重构胚,为今后生产出性别可控的抗病转基因绵羊地方新品种奠定基础。