湖南稻瘟病菌遗传多样性分析

利用13对SSR引物对2010年从湖南19个县(市)种植的44个水稻感病品种上分离到的169个稻瘟病单孢菌株进行了遗传多样性分析,结果在0.8的相似水平上将供试菌株划分为8个宗谱,其中L01宗谱为优势宗谱,占总菌株数的66.86％.病菌宗谱与菌株来源地及寄主品种之间关系复杂,来源于相同地区或来源于同一寄主品种的菌株亲缘关系相对较近,但不同地区稻瘟病菌生理小种分化程度不一,小种的分化程度与当地的地形地势以及该地区种植的水稻品种数量有一定关系.高海拔山区比丘陵区稻瘟病菌遗传多样性更丰富;在某一地区栽培品种组成多样化程度越高,该地区的稻瘟病菌遗传多样性越丰富.     

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。     

西双版纳地区引种的澳洲坚果抗寒性

以3年生无性繁殖澳洲坚果10个品种的幼苗为材料.采用电导法和全株冰冻测试法测定西双版纳引种的10个澳洲坚果品种叶片的抗寒力变化.结果表明:10个澳洲坚果品种抗寒力(半致死温度)介于-0.72～2.36℃之间,H2和HY属于低温敏感性相对较弱的L类型,抗寒力较强;HAES900、A16和Special抗寒力较弱,属于低温敏感性较强的H类型;D4、OC、HAES816、A4和D等品种属于抗寒力中等的M类型.     

基于生存模型的上海F1赛事游客停留时间研究

采用文献资料法、三维摄像解析法,对获得2011年全国长投公开赛女子链球冠军张文秀的投掷技术进行拍摄、解析,对单、双脚支撑时间、旋转阶段时间特征、速度及加速距离变化、链球的旋转半径等进行运动学分析并与国外优秀女子链球运动员相比较,收集数据并作统计学处理。从录像和数据分析中,找出张文秀旋转技术上的不足,针对问题提出了改进旋转技术的建议,为训练提供参考,为提高我国链球运动水平提供理论依据。     

离体叶段喷雾法建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的敏感基线及其监测技术

为建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮抗药性的离体叶段喷雾法监测标准,采用该方法测定了2013年采自河南、河北省部分麦区的101个小麦白粉病菌野生菌株对三唑酮的敏感性。结果表明,小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮敏感性的EC50范围为0.239 8~7.558 5μg·mL-1,平均为3.561 2±1.881 3μg·mL-1;其敏感性均呈连续单峰曲线分布,可作为喷雾防治时小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮杀菌剂的敏感性基线。     

马铃薯高产施肥措施研究

试验采用 311改良饱和D设计方法 ,对青海省新育成的青薯 2号 (32 8)品种进行了氮、磷、钾三大要素的施肥水平研究。其结果表明 :三种化肥对产量影响的大小程度依次排序为N >K >P。经计算机模拟寻优 ,获得了施肥的高产数学模型和最佳农艺措施组合方案。 6 6 7m2 产量高于2 6 0 0kg的最优方案有 18套 ,最佳农艺措施是 :氮肥用量为 2 8 97～ 2 9 15kg ,钾肥用量为 16 5 4～17 11kg ,磷肥用量为 5 34～ 5 88kg。     

鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白表达条件的优化

研究了培养温度、培养时间、培养基pH值以及异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(isopropylthio-β-D-galacto-side,IPTG)浓度等不同条件对鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达量的影响。经SDS-PAGE分析表明:诱导温度为28℃、诱导时间为9 h、培养基pH值为7.0、IPTG浓度为0.010 mmol/L时目的蛋白在细菌裂解沉淀和上清液中均最大量表达,分别达到30%和17%左右。上清液经GST.Bind Resin亲和层析分离纯化后,洗脱产物中pMGAⅣ融合蛋白纯度高达95%。Western-blot分析表明,该蛋白可被鸡毒霉形体阳性血清识别,具有较好的免疫学活性。     

ENR基因在高油和普通玉米自交系中的克隆和表达分析

利用高油玉米自交系By804和普通玉米自交系B73为材料,克隆Enoyl-ACP reductase(ENR)基因,同时比较ENR基因的序列和表达差异。结果表明,ENR基因编码蛋白在高油和普通玉米中氨基酸序列完全一致;在授粉后15,25和35 d的胚中,ENR基因呈下调表达,在同一发育时期,ENR基因在高油玉米By804中较高表达。     

Film fully-mulched ridge-furrow cropping affects soil biochemical properties and maize nutrient uptake in a rainfed semi-arid environment

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of plastic mulched ridge-furrow cropping on soil biochemical properties and maize (Zea mays L.) nutrient uptake in a semi-arid environment. Three treatments were evaluated from 2008 to 2010: no mulch (narrow ridges with crop seeded next to ridges), half mulch (as per no mulch, except narrow ridges were mulched), and full mulch (alternate narrow and wide ridges, all mulched with maize seeded in furrows). Compared to the no mulch treatment, full mulch increased maize grain yield by 50% in 2008 and 25% in 2010, but reduced yield by 21% in 2009 after low precipitation in early growth. Half mulch had a similar grain yield to no mulch in the three cropping years, suggesting half mulch is not an effective pattern for maize cropping in the area. Mulch treatments increased aboveground nitrogen (N) uptake by 21?34% and phosphorus (P) uptake by 21?42% in 2008, and by 16?32% and 14?29%, respectively, in 2010; but in 2009 mulching did not affect N uptake and decreased P uptake. Soil microbial biomass and activities of urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase at the 0?15 cm depth were generally higher during vegetative growth but lower during reproductive growth under mulch treatments than no mulch. Mulching treatments increased carbon (C) loss of buried maize residues (marginally by 5?9%), and decreased light soil organic C (15?27%) and carbohydrate C (12?23%) concentrations and mineralizable C and N (8?36%) at harvest in the 0?20 cm depth compared with no mulch, indicating that mulching promotes mineralization and nutrient release in soil during cropping seasons. As a result of these biological changes, mineral N concentration under mulch was markedly increased after sowing in upper soil layers compared with no mulch. Therefore, our results suggest that mulched cropping stimulated soil microbial activity and N availability, and thus contributed to increasing maize grain yield and nutrient uptake compared with no mulch.