野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

刨切薄竹漂白工艺研究

旨在确定出刨切薄竹漂白用试剂及漂白工艺。探讨了漂白温度、漂白液浓度、漂白时间、pH值以及浴比等因素对漂白的影响。结果表明,双氧水对薄竹漂白的效果最好。确定出最佳漂白工艺为:漂白温度为70℃,pH=9,漂白液浓度为5％,漂白时间90min。     

基于R2V与ArcInfo的地形图数字化方法

结合R2V和ArcInfo 2种应用工具,阐述数字化地形图的新方法。Workstation下精妙的算法可以很好地解决图像校正精度以及图像拼接问题。利用R2V可以实现半自动化数字化。通过二者的结合使用,实现优势互补,完成地形图的高效数字化。     

基于随机森林的高寒草地地上生物量高光谱估算

草地地上生物量（Aboveground biomass,AGB）是衡量草地生产力的关键因素,准确测定草地AGB具有重要意义。高光谱因具有时效性强、不破坏草地等特点被广泛用于草地生理生态指标的测定。本研究提取和计算了海北试验站高寒草地冠层的原始光谱（Original spectrum,OR）反射率、一阶微分光谱（First derivative spectrum,FD）反射率、光谱位置面积参数（Spectral parameters of spectral position and area,PA）和植被指数（Vegetation indices,VI）4种不同类型的特征变量,使用连续投影算法（Successive projections algorithm,SPA）和递归特征消除算法（Recursive feature elimination,RFE）进行特征选择,采用随机森林算法（Random forest,RF）构建草地AGB估测模型。结果表明：在由4种特征变量分别构建的草地AGB估测模型中,基于VI的RF模型精度最高（测试集R²=0.70,RMSE=557.87 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB与估测AGB的线性R²达到0.72;不同类型特征变量组合构建的草地AGB估测模型中,PA+VI组合的RF模型精度最高（R²=0.71,RMSE=548.97 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB和估测AGB的线性R²达到0.73。     

瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育

研究浙江瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育力。雌雄两性的鳍长、鳍条数的不对称均属波动性不对称。雌雄两性的胸鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数之间相关关系不显著。雌性个体显著大于雄性个体,特定体长的雄性胸鳍长显著大于雌性,雄性的鳍条数显著大于雌性。鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数雌雄两性差异不显著,雌雄两性鳍条数对称个体的比例差异不显著。以体长和时间为控制变量,怀卵数量与鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的负相关,与鳍长和鳍条数的相关不显著。以体长和发育时间为控制变量,平均卵重与鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的正相关,与其他变量的相关不显著。分析表明,雄性较大的胸鳍可能与雄性的性选择有关,胸鳍的波动性不对称可能提供了一种发育历程的指示,间接影响雌性生育力。     

Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain,China

In order to identify the optimum period of spring water-restrictive irrigation for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in the Haihe Plain, China and elucidate its effects on flag leaf senescence and yield formation, field experiments were conducted at the Xinji Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2016 to 2019 by using different irrigation regimes in spring, including the conventional regime involving two irrigation periods(control(CK), the 3-leaf unfolding stage and the anthesis stage) and a series of single, restrictive irrigation regimes(SRI) comprising irrigation at the 3-leaf unfolding stage(3 LI), 4 LI, 5 LI, and 6 LI. There are five major findings:(1) The senescence(determined by the green leaf area, GLA) in the 4 LI treatment occurred moderately earlier than that in CK, showed no significant difference with that in 5 LI and 6 LI, and occurred significantly later than that in 3 LI.(2) Compared with other SRI treatments, the GLA value and photosynthetic rate in 4 LI were 14.82 and 20.1% higher, respectively. Microstructural analysis of flag leaf also revealed that the mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were irregularly arranged under drought stress in 3 LI and 6 LI; however, drought stress had minimal negative effects on the microstructure in 4 LI and 5 LI.(3) Postponed irrigation in spring could significantly increase superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities in the early stage of grain filling; however, these activities would subsequently decrease. Among the four SRI treatments, the overall enzyme activities were the highest in 4 LI, and the combined malondialdehyde(MDA) content in flag leaves in 4 LI and 5 LI was 14.5% lower on average than that in 3 LI and 6 LI.(4) The soluble sugar(SS) and proline(Pro) contents in 4 LI were the highest among the four SRI treatments; however, they were lower than those in CK. The abscisic acid(ABA) hormone content in 4 LI and 5 LI was lower than that in 3 LI and 6 LI, respectively, suggesting a smaller drought stress effect in 4 LI and 5 LI.(5) In two growing seasons, there was a larger number of spikes per unit area in 4 LI(i.e., 13.4% higher than that in 5 LI and 6 LI) and the 1 000-grain weight in 4 LI was the highest among the four SRI treatments(i.e., 6.0% higher than that in the other three SRI treatments). Therefore, a single restrictive irrigation regime at the 4-leaf unfolding stage is recommended to be effective in slowing down the senescence process of flag leaves and achieving high yield.     

水产动物致病酵母菌研究进展

酵母菌是指以芽殖分裂或形成子囊孢子为主,细胞呈椭圆形的单细胞真核生物,广泛分布于自然界中,常被用于发酵行业.在水产养殖中常将有益酵母培养物作为饲料添加剂,而有些酵母菌为水产养殖动物致病性病原菌,严重威胁着水产养殖动物的产量和经济效益,如何防治致病性酵母菌已成为必须解决的关键问题.明确水产动物致病酵母菌的种类、宿主范围、...     

基于MapGIS和植被数量指标的啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统的设计与实现

选择鼠害频发的阿拉善荒漠区分布面积较大的红砂+泡泡刺生境、红砂+杂类草生境和白刺生境,以夹日法记录三种生境中啮齿动物种群相对数量,利用啮齿动物种群相对数量与荒漠区灌木和草本植物之间的依存关系建立专家模拟系统,分析三种生境的主要害鼠子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和小毛足鼠种群相对数量与植物群落因子间的动态关系,并以MapGIS为地理信息平台,借助VB程序语言设计工具,设计阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统,探索植物群落与啮齿动物群落的反馈动态变化,实现利用植物群落指标预测啮齿动物群落组分及其相对数量变化的目标,为鼠害防控提供依据。     

干旱胁迫对金光杏梅叶片渗透调节物质和光合作用的影响

以金光杏梅盆栽幼苗为试材,研究了干旱胁迫对金光杏梅叶片渗透调节物质含量和光合作用日变化的影响.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,金光杏梅叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量都明显降低;细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、脯氨酸(Pro)的含量显著增加;叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等都随着干旱胁迫的加重而降低,细胞间隙CO2浓度随着干旱胁迫的加重而升高;轻度干旱胁迫下,气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要原因;严重干旱胁迫下,非气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要原因.     

高层建筑桩基础沉降预测

高层建筑施工过程可近似地看为一个线性加载的过程。在沉降-时间曲线特征的基础上,建立了高层建筑桩基础的龚帕兹沉降-时间预测模型,其中3个参数a、b和c可以简单求解得到。两个个工程实例的应用证明了该模型在桩基沉降预测中的合理性和实用性。