Nutritional and functional characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in Turkey

Seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by ?AYKUR Tea Processing Plant (Rize, Turkey), were examined for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, and water-soluble vitamins as well as total phenolic content, various antioxidant assays, phenolics (flavanols, alkoloids, condensed phenolics, and phenolic acids), chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Some variations, albeit to different extents, were observed (p < 0.05) among these parameters in seven grades of black tea. With respect to proximate composition, dietary fiber was the predominant compound (ranging from 49.68 to 54.31 g/100 g), followed by protein, carbohydrate, and, to a lesser extent, ash, moisture, and fat. Thirteen minerals, four water-soluble vitamins, six flavanols, two alkoloids, three condensed phenolics, one phenolic acid, two chlorophylls, and two carotenoids were identified in the seven grades of black tea. Total phenol content ranged from 7.52 to 8.29 g of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g, being lowest in grade 6 and highest in grade 1. With regard to antioxidant activities, a large variation in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values was observed among all grades of black tea (ranging from 777 μmol of trolox equivalents (TE)/g in grade 7 to 1210 μmol of TE/g in grade 3). The present work suggests that high- and low-quality black teas should not be distinguished on the basis of their nutritional and functional characteristics. The combination of nutritional compounds together with functional characteristics renders combination effects that provide the characteristic quality of each grade of black tea.     

丹江口库区坡耕地不同轮作模式作物生产力及农田养分流失比较

在丹江口库区习惯施肥条件下,比较坡耕地不同轮作系统的作物生产力及农田水土和养分流失的差异。结果表明,在5种轮作模式中,作物生产力水平以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最高,生产效益以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最高;农田产流量、土壤侵蚀量和磷钾养分流失量均以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最小,＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大;而氮流失量以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最小,以＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大。因此,＂小麦-玉米＂轮作为丹江口库区坡耕地适宜的环保型作物复种模式。     

细化设备管理 提高使用效益

随着高等教育事业的发展,国家对高校设备经费投入也逐年增加,但目前的投入远不能满足高等教育事业快速发展的需求。同时,普遍存在的一个情况是,各个高校的设备使用率较低,资源闲置。在有限的资金投入下,如何提高现有设备使用效益,成为最有效的解决这一瓶颈的关键。文章根据云南大学教学科研设备使用情况,结合信息学院目前实验室现有仪器设备及教学任务,探讨了一些高校仪器设备管理的经验和方法。尤其探讨了学校根据实际情况,自主研发了资产管理系统,进一步规范了资产管理工作,提高了设备使用效益,特别是针对大型仪器设备,建立共享平台,实行预约制度,充分体现了大型设备的资源优势。     

刈割对羊草和全叶马兰生长与种间关系的影响

研究刈割对羊草(Leymus chinensis)和全叶马兰(Kalimeris integrifolia)生长与种间关系的影响。结果表明:刈割强度越大,相对生长速率越大;留茬4.8和12cm之间差异显著;刈割改变植物间相互作用的方向,削弱种间关系在群落中的重要性;刈割对羊草生长的影响较大。     

松嫩草原羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究

基于对松嫩草原优势物种羊草(Leymus chi-nensis)及其主要伴生种的空间分布格局、植物种间关系对割草的响应,以及羊草、芦苇(Phragmites communis)对营养和胁迫的适应性与种间关系的研究,探讨了植物竞争和共存的潜在机制。     

东北民猪荷包猪抗性基因多态性及其与免疫指标的相关性研究

研究目的是检测荷包猪FUT 1和Mx1基因位点多态性及其与免疫指标的相关关系。采用PCR-RFLP技术分析基因多态性,采用ELISA方法检测免疫指标白介素-4(IL-4)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、α-干扰素(IFN-α)的表达量。结果表明,荷包猪FUT 1基因和Mx1基因Hin6I点酶切位点上显示多态性,优势基因型分别为GG和AA型,在Mx1基因其他两位点处未发现多态性;荷包猪免疫指标IL-4、sIgA、IFN-α的表达量明显高于大白猪(P<0.05),但抗性基因型与免疫指标间的相关性表现不明显。     

西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因AluⅠ多态性的比较研究

利用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)技术 ,测定了西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因的AluⅠ RFLP (限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 ) ,并比较了2牛群的基因频率。在西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛中 ,等位基因A的频率分别为 0 935和 0 90 5 ,等位基因B的频率分别为 0 0 65和 0 0 65 ,卡方检验差异不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

重金属污染土壤原位钝化修复研究进展

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探究根施脯氨酸对铬胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t以小麦品种轮选988为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究30 mg/L脯氨酸对160 mg/L Cr³⁺胁迫下的小麦根系的生理影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\tCr³⁺胁迫严重抑制小麦生长。与单独Cr³⁺胁迫相比,根施脯氨酸后,小麦幼苗根长、株高、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、根鲜重和根干重分别上升了49.4%、17.9%、21.7%、35.4%、52.0%和38.7%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)分别升高了8.51%、4.50%、8.19%和9.74%;引起超氧阴离子(\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPuepose\t\t\t\t\tThe effect of proline on chrome (Cr³⁺) toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMethod\t\t\t\t\tWheat seedlings exposed to 160 mg/L Cr³⁺ were treated with 30 mg/L proline.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tResults\t\t\t\t\tCr³⁺ exposure depressed wheat growth. Compared with the single Cr³⁺ stress, after proline application, the root length, plant height, fresh weight of stem leaf, dry weight of stem leaf, root fresh weight and root dry weight of the seedlings increased significantly by 49.4%, 17.9%, 21.7%, 52.0% and 38.7%, respectively. And the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate perxoidase (APX), increased by 8.51%, 4.50%, 8.19% and 9.74%, respectively; the contents of superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), rise significantly by 60.32%, 24.56% and 34.20%, respectively. Ultimately, the root activity increased by 1.67 times.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConclusion\t\t\t\t\tTherefore, exogenous proline could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of wheat roots, and then it could enhance the resistance ability of wheat and alleviate the toxic effect of chrome on wheat seedlings.\t\t\t\t     

冬枣溃疡病病原初步鉴定

2003~2004年在山东省滨州市沾化县、无棣县等冬枣产区调查发现,冬枣生长前期在枣吊和叶片上发生了一种细菌性新病害。通过对典型病害样本进行病原菌分离、纯化获得20个菌株。从中选出4个菌株进行致病性测定,同时对其细菌形态、培养性状、染色反应、生理生化测定及血清学反应等性状进行了较为系统研究。结果表明,该地区冬枣溃疡病是由油菜黄单胞Xanthom onas campestrisPamm e(Dowson,1939)侵染引起的。