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排序方式: 共有225条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Y. Sasaki N. Maruyama B. Zou M. Haruna M. Kusukawa M. Murakami T. Asai Y. Tsujiyama Y. Yamada 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(2):134-140
Consumption of raw or undercooked poultry products contaminated with Campylobacter has been identified as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. We determined whether slaughtering of Campylobacter‐positive flocks was associated with contamination of chicken products derived from Campylobacter‐negative flocks slaughtered at the same abattoir. The presence of Campylobacter was investigated in 22 broiler farms 1 week prior to slaughter and in one abattoir on nine separate slaughter days. A total of 600 bulk packed chicken products were tested, with 198 (33.0%) of the products found to be Campylobacter positive. Of the 350 chicken products originating from Campylobacter‐positive flocks, 180 (51.1%) were contaminated with the bacteria. In contrast, only 18 (7.2%) of 250 chicken products derived from Campylobacter‐negative flocks were contaminated. In 14 of these 18 products, the Campylobacter isolates were identical to isolates obtained from the flock slaughtered immediately prior to the Campylobacter‐negative flock. Notably, on 4/6 slaughter days, Campylobacter‐negative flocks were slaughtered prior to the positive flocks, and Campylobacter was absent from all chicken products originating from the negative flocks. These results suggest that implementation of logistic slaughter (where Campylobacter‐negative flocks are slaughter first) significantly decreases the prevalence of Campylobacter‐positive chicken products. 相似文献
32.
A comparison of changes in stable isotope ratios in the epidermal mucus and muscle tissue of slow‐growing adult catfish
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Atsushi Maruyama Emi Tanahashi Takanobu Hirayama Ryuji Yonekura 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):636-642
Although stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for determining diet, migration patterns and the structure of food webs in aquatic systems, the slow response of isotopic ratios in the widely used muscle tissue often hampers this approach, particularly in slow‐growing or adult fishes. We conducted a diet‐switch experiment to compare the changes in the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C values) in the epidermal mucus and muscle tissue of five‐year‐old catfish (Silurus asotus). The isotope ratios in noninvasively sampled mucus changed more rapidly than those in the muscle tissue. As isotopic change in mucus was relatively rapid, this technique can be used over a finer timescale than traditional isotopic analyses using the muscle tissue. The isotopic change half‐life in our experimental condition was 200 days, which would not be short enough for some research purposes. Examining mucus along with the muscle would enable food habits of slow‐growing fishes to be determined over different timescales. However, the rate of isotopic change in the mucus was negatively affected by the size of fish and was slower than the previously reported rates in juvenile steelhead. These findings suggest that mucus turnover rates need to be determined prior to the field data interpretation. 相似文献
33.
Chahan B Jian Z Jilintai Miyahara K Tanabe S Xuan X Sato Y Moritomo T Nogami S Mikami T Maruyama S Inokuma H 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):184-187
Tick DNA samples from cattle in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Area, China, were examined for Rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene-based PCR and sequencing. Four positive samples were detected from Haemaphysalis danieli and high levels of similarity were found with recently detected 'Candidatus Rickettsia principis.' 相似文献
34.
Toshisuke Maruyama Fumikazu Noto Tsuyoshi Takahashi Kimihito Nakamura Takeo Onishi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2011,9(2):267-274
An evaluation of the nitrogen pollution load potential (NPLP) arising from several sewage treatment systems in the Tedori
River Alluvial Fan Area was evaluated by determining the removal percentage of nitrogen as a result of sewage treatment and
amounts of nitrogen lost from the different treatment systems. These data were applied to the entire area resulting in an
estimated total NPLP of 734 t year−1 (103 kg year−1), of which 548 t year−1 discharges into the Japan Sea and so does not contribute to the pollution of the environment considered here. The residual
186 t year−1 of the NPLP has a high probability of causing groundwater or downstream pollution, with 58% of the NPLP being contributed
from septic tanks not connected to public sewage systems. Rural sewage system accounted for about 18% of the NPLP. Material
directly flowing into the middle stream of the Tedori River together with sewage water from small companies and untreated
sewage water from local family dwellings made up about 3–12% of the NPLP. To improve water quality due to sewage effluent,
it is essential to increase the number of connections to public sewage systems from septic tanks. 相似文献
35.
Yohei Koide Leodegario A. Ebron Hiroshi KatoHiroshi Tsunematsu Mary Jeanie Telebanco-YanoriaNobuya Kobayashi Masao YokooSachio Maruyama Tokio ImbeYoshimichi Fukuta 《Field Crops Research》2011,123(1):19-27
A set of near-isogenic lines for blast resistance genes was developed by using an Indica-type elite rice variety, IR49830-7-1-2-2, suitable for the rainfed lowland conditions in the tropics, as a genetic background. Initially, we revealed that IR49830-7-1-2-2 harbors five blast resistance genes - Pia, Pib, Pik-s, Pita, and Pi11(t) - by using a differential system involving 19 selected standard blast isolates from the Philippines. Based on this result, we developed nine near-isogenic lines (NILs) targeting eight resistance genes - Pik, Pi7(t), Pi3, Pi5, Pita-2, Piz-5, Pish, and Pi9 - by recurrent backcrossing. The introgression of each resistance gene in the NILs was confirmed by reaction patterns to the blast isolates, allelism tests, and DNA marker analysis. In addition, a genome-wide DNA marker survey revealed that most of the chromosome regions in each NIL were of the IR49830-7-1-2-2 type. The agricultural characteristics of most of the developed NILs were almost the same as those of IR49830-7-1-2-2. Moreover, with one exception, they showed submergence tolerance similar to IR49830-7-1-2-2. The developed NILs could be used as a multiline variety suitable for the rainfed lowland in the tropics. 相似文献
36.
Levoglucosan, the major intermediate in cellulose pyrolysis, is stable up to around 500?°C in the gas phase. To study whether this stability is a characteristic property of levoglucosan, the gas-phase reactivity was compared with those of methyl α- and β-glucosides at 200–500?°C (residence time 1.2–2.0 s). The methyl glucosides decomposed even at 200 and 300?°C to form levoglucosan exclusively. This selective transglycosylation was explained with a concerted mechanism. Fragmentation of the glucosides forming C1–C3 carbonyl compounds started at 400?°C, a temperature lower than that of levoglucosan (500?°C). Thus, levoglucosan is a special carbohydrate that is stable in the gas phase, and the stability is explained by the steric hindrance of the bicyclic ring. Formation of the anhydrofuranose isomer and furans was negligible from the gas-phase pyrolysis of these compounds, suggesting that these are produced mainly from the molten-phase pyrolysis. These results show the roles of gas- and molten-phase reactions during carbohydrate pyrolysis, providing insights for upgrading biomass pyrolysis/gasification processes. 相似文献
37.
Toshisuke Maruyama Fumikazu Noto Kazuo Murashima Iwao Hashimoto Keiu Kitada 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(3):293-300
A nitrogen balance study was carried out by setting up a test paddy in order to estimate the nitrogen pollution load potential
(NPLP) from farmland in the Tedori River Alluvial Fan Areas and the load from the entire area under consideration was estimated
using the cropping record and fertilizer application rate (FAR). The total NPLP was estimated to be 261 tons/year and the
load from the paddy 79 tons/year for 5,704 ha, which would translate to an intensity of 14 kg/ha, while the load from the
vegetable field was estimated to be 118 tons/year for 215 ha, which would equate to an intensity of 549 kg/ha. The pollution
loads for the vegetables were significantly greater than those for the rice. The load for the barley was 57 tons/year for
261 ha (216 kg/ha) and that for the orchards was 23 tons/year for 64 ha (359 kg/ha). The estimation of soybean load was a
negative 15 tons/year for 717 ha (−21 kg/ha), which meant that the nitrogen in the yield was greater than the FAR. The results
also confirmed the yield absorption ratio in relation to the FAR. The load from the paddy for the entire area was also estimated
using the percolation rate and the water quality load underneath the farmland was estimated to be 89 tons/year. 相似文献
38.
Kabeya H Inoue K Izumi Y Morita T Imai S Maruyama S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1561-1567
The purpose of this study was to assess the role of fleas for transmission of Bartonella species among wild rodents in Japan. Flea samples were collected from wild rodents and examined genetically for Bartonella infection. Bartonella DNA was detected from 16 of 40 (40.0%) flea samples. Sequence analysis demonstrated that 3 of 16 (18.8%) of the Bartonella-positive animals were infested with fleas from which the closely related Bartonella DNA sequence was detected, indicating that the fleas acquired Bartonella from the infested rodents. The DNA was detected in hemolymph, the midgut and the ovary (only in female), indicating that Bartonella might be colonized through the midgut and distributed into the body. 相似文献
39.
Okada Y Okutani A Suzuki H Asakura H Monden S Nakama A Maruyama T Igimi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1681-1684
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 201 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from foods, environments, animals and human patients in Japan was determined. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, the first choice of drug for listeriosis treatment, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, nosiheptide, salinomycin, vancomycin, and virginiamycin. A human strain was resistant to oxytetracycline. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 50% of the strains and the MIC for 90% of the strains were comparable in all the isolates. This is the first investigation to compare antibiotic resistances between isolates from foods and isolates from human patients in Japan. The result showed that most of the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics used in this study. 相似文献
40.
Takasawa K Kano R Maruyama H Hasegawa A Kamata H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,143(1-2):167-169
Lipid A, the active component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex. On the other hand, the synthetic precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, tetraacylated lipid IVa, is an agonist for TLR4 and MD-2 complex in murine, equine and feline cells but is an antagonist for lipid A in human cells. The aim of the study was to examine the function of canine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex on canine blood mononuclear cells (BMC), by analyzing lipid A- or lipid IVa-induction of TNF-α production from these cells in order to understand canine innate immune system. After 5-h culture of canine BMC with lipid A (lipid A culture) or lipid IVa (lipid IVa culture), the TNF-α, as determined by ELISA, had increased in the supernatants of the lipid A cultures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the TNF-α was undetectable in supernatant of lipid IVa-treated cultures. The TNF-α was statistically significantly different between the lipid A and lipid IVa cultures (100 and 1000 ng/ml). TNF-α production from canine BMC was inhibited, in a lipid IVa-dose-dependent manner, when the BMC were pre-cultured with lipid IVa for 60 min and then cultured with lipid A for 5h, while in control BMC cultures production if TNF-α was unchanged. These results indicate that the TNF-α production stimulated by lipid A was competed out by pre-exposing the BMC to lipid IVa. Thus, lipid A is an agonist for TNF-α production in canine BMC, whereas lipid IVa appears to be an antagonist against this lipid A stimulation of canine BMC. 相似文献