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991.
992.
Laurène?FeintrenieEmail author Wan?Kian?Chong Patrice?Levang 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(3):379-396
Indonesia has been the world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil since 2008. This paper discussed the livelihood impacts
of oil palm development in Indonesia, based on lessons learnt from Bungo district, in the province of Jambi. The various community-company
partnerships that structure the sector are reviewed and the difficulties raised by the joint ventures schemes are discussed.
The merits and drawbacks of oil palm as a smallholder crop are then analysed, based on household socio-economic surveys conducted
in 2007–2010. The main causes of conflicts between oil palm companies and communities are unclear land tenure, and a recurrent
lack of leadership in smallholders’ cooperatives. Under fair partnerships between smallholders and companies, oil palm could
become a smallholder friendly crop. The land-use profitability analysis demonstrates the high returns that can be generated
by oil palm independent smallholdings, making it highly competitive with rubber, and much more profitable than rice production. 相似文献
993.
994.
The safety of a non-adjuvanted inactivated fungal vaccine for the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats was investigated in two studies: a controlled laboratory study, and a placebo-controlled double-blind field study with a cross-over design in Europe. In the laboratory study, two groups of 10 cats each were administered an intramuscular twofold overdose, followed by five single 1 ml doses, of either vaccine or control product at 14-day intervals. In the field study, cats were treated with three intramuscular injections of 1 ml vaccine administered at 14-day intervals, as recommended by the manufacturer. A total of 89 cats were enrolled in the field study and divided into two groups to receive either vaccine or placebo for the first three treatments, followed by the opposite product for the final three treatments. The cats enrolled in the two studies were 12 weeks of age or older, as recommended by the manufacturer. All the cats were monitored closely for possible injection site reactions, systemic reactions (including changes in rectal body temperature) and adverse events. The results from both studies showed no significant differences between the vaccinated cats and the control or placebo-treated cats with regard to local or systemic reactions. A few mild to moderate local reactions were noted, but these were evenly distributed between the vaccinated and placebo-treated cats and resolved within a few days. No severe or serious adverse events related to the vaccinations were observed. 相似文献
995.
X. Xandé H. Archimède J. L. Gourdine C. Anais D. Renaudeau 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):13-20
The influence of the level of sugarcane (SC) molasses on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in Creole (CR)
growing pigs fed with ground sugarcane stalks (GCS)-based diet was studied in a mixed farming system context. The aim of the
study was to optimize the growth performance of CR pigs with SC-molasses as an energy source in this unconventional feeding.
A total of 32 CR pigs were used from 30 to 60 kg of body weight (BW). The experimental dietary treatments consisted of four
levels of inclusion of SC-molasses (200, 400, 600, and 800 g DM/d/pig) into a GCS diet, for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
The GCS allowance was based on live BW (170 g/kg BW/d) and the diets were supplemented with a soya-bean meal supplement (350 g/d
of a 49.2% CP and 16.6 MJ DE/kg). All the pigs were slaughtered at 60 kg BW. Increasing the level of molasses did not affect
(p > 0.05) average BW gain (254 g/d), CP intake (154 g/d) and sugar extraction rate from the total ration (85%). A gradual
inclusion of molasses in a GCS-based diet did not affect the carcass and meat quality of CR pigs. In conclusion, molasses
supplementation does not allow the increase of growth performance in GCS fed pigs. 相似文献
996.
Alternative poultry production with special reference to free range broilers has increased significantly since the nineties
in many regions of the world. Numerous factors influence the productive performance of this type of broilers: genotype (namely
the use of naked neck animals), feeding and access to an outdoor area. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of
each of these factors on the productive performance of free range broilers under commercial rearing conditions. A total of
3200, day old chicks of both sexes from naked neck and normally feathered genotypes were used in this trial. After a joint
initiation phase, animals were divided into four different treatments with the combination of two concentrates (high vs low
energy content) and management (access to outside park or not). Experiment lasted a total of 12 weeks. Live weight date was
recorded weekly and a samples of animals from the trial were sacrificed at the age of 8, 10 and 12 weeks, when carcass characteristics
were determined. Besides sex, the only factor that seems to affect growth characteristics was genotype as naked neck animals
had poorer growth rates than normally feathered. No effect was detected on carcass yields and percentages of carcass components
for any of the variables. From the data presented in this trial the practises associated with free range production are of
relative inconsequence to the technical animal production parameters and can only be justified by a pressing need to differentiate
these products from standard poultry products in what concerns both welfare issues and meat characteristics. The results also
indicate that genetic material from alternative poultry production in Europe can be a useful option in poultry production
development projects in the tropics. 相似文献
997.
Vucskits AV Hullár I Bersényi A Andrásofszky E Kulcsár M Szabó J 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(6):721-728
Effect of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on production parameters, immune response and thyroid function of rats were investigated in two experiments. First experiment: control or 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. Second experiment: control and 0.4% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. The feeding period lasted 26 days in both trials. No significant changes were observed in production parameters. Ovalbumine antibody titre of rats on HA- or FA-supplemented diets showed dose-dependent (at 0.4% supplementation) and significant (p < 0.05) increase (350 and 418% respectively) over the control (100%). Dose-related increase of plasma TSH (r = 0.99), and decrease of the T(4)/T(3) ratio (r = -0.97) was observed in FA-supplemented rats. Second experiment: both FA and HA stimulated the immune response by the 14th day (mean values: control: 685.79; FA: 1131.37; HA: 1055.6099) and 26th day (control: 544.31; FA: 1969.83; HA: 1600.00). No significant differences were noted with lymphocyte stimulation test. Diameter of the 'B'-dependent lymphoid tissues in the ileum and spleen were significantly (p < 0.05) larger in both the FA- and HA-treated animals. Humic acid and FA supplementation resulted in strong humoral immune stimulation. Our data also indicate that FA content is responsible for the mild hypothyroid effect of humic substances. 相似文献
998.
D Bencharif L Amirat O Pascal M Anton E Schmitt S Desherces G Delhomme M‐L Langlois P Barrière M Larrat D Tainturier 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):189-200
Twenty sperm samples from five dogs were frozen in liquid nitrogen at ?196°C in 16 different media, two control media containing 20% egg yolk and 6% low‐density lipoproteins (LDL); 10 test media containing 6% LDL (the active cryoprotective ingredient of chicken egg yolk) combined with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mmol of glutamine respectively at 4%, 5%, 7%, and 8% LDL. Following thawing, sperm mobility was assessed using an image analyser, HAMILTON THORN CERROS 12. The percentage of mobile spermatozoa was 62.05% in the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine medium compared with 48.90% in the egg yolk‐based medium (p < 0.05) or 57.55% for the 6% LDL medium (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in most cases, the motility parameters (average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity) in the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine medium, were superior, to a statistically significant extent, to those in the control media. Finally, the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine combination provides spermatozoa with better protection during freezing than egg yolk or the 6% LDL medium alone in terms of acrosome integrity (fluorescein isothiocyanate–Pisum sativum agglutinin test: p < 0.05), the flagellar plasma membrane (hypo‐osmotic test: p < 0.05 for 6% LDL), the DNA (acridine orange test; no significant difference) and the integrity of the acrosome (Spermac® test: no significant difference). 相似文献
999.
D. Perez-Perez G.H. Bechara R.Z. Machado G.M. Andrade R.E.M. del Vecchio M.S. Pedroso M.V. Hernández O. Farnós 《Veterinary parasitology》2010,167(2-4):321-326
The Bm86 antigen has been used to control ticks of the Boophilus genera in integrated programs that also include the use of acaricides. Because of recent phylogenetic studies have lead to the inclusion of all Boophilus species within the Rhipicephalus genera, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Bm86 antigen on the biotic potential of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Domestic dogs were vaccinated with Bm86 and challenged with the three instars of R. sanguineus. Male and female mongrel dogs were divided into two groups of four animals each, comprising non-vaccinated and vaccinated animals. Immunized dogs were given two doses of an experimental formulation containing 50 μg of recombinant Bm86, at 21 days interval while the other group was given placebo, consisting of the same preparation without Bm86. Each dog was challenged 21 days after the last dose with 250 larvae, 100 nymphs and 55 adults (25 females and 30 males) released inside feeding chambers (one per instar) glued to their shaved flank. The effect of the vaccination was evaluated by determining biological parameters of ticks including the yield rates of larvae, nymphs and adult females. Adult females engorged weight, egg mass weight, efficiency rate of conversion to eggs (ERCE) and hatchability. In addition, sera were collected from dogs at 0, 21, 36, 45 and 75 days after the vaccination and used for the detection of specific antibodies by ELISA. Collection rates of larvae, nymphs and adult females fed on vaccinated dogs were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 38%, 29% and 31%, respectively, as compared with non-vaccinated controls. Significant reductions were also observed in weight of engorged females and egg mass, in ERCE, but not in the hatch rate of ticks fed on immunized dogs. ELISA data revealed a marked and significant increase in optical densities of sera from vaccinated animals after the second dose of Bm86. We concluded that the Bm86 antigen used as a vaccine for dogs reduced the viability and biotic potential of the R. sanguineus. 相似文献
1000.
Cadar D Cságola A Spinu M Dán A Ursu K Lorincz M Tuboly T 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2010,58(4):475-481
Porcine circoviruses (PCV) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of PCV in other suid species. Based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that PCV1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to PCV2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of PMWS. Studies including PCV2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. This is the first report about the presence of PCV in Transylvanian wild boar populations. Four hundred and sixty-nine samples were collected and grouped according to geographic origin, tested for the presence of PCV DNA using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and 13.52% of the animals proved to be positive for one or in three cases both of the PCV genotypes. PCV2 was detected in all of the PCV-positive samples. 相似文献