基于电学参数的稻谷含水率和出糙率机器学习预测模型

收购现场稻谷出糙率和含水率的快速检测有助于稻谷的快速收购和分级管理,从而减少稻谷在运输、储藏和加工过程中的损耗。研究使用LCR测量仪测试1～8MHz频率下含水率为9.94%～23.51%的稻谷的介电常数、电容、介电损耗、损耗系数、导电率和电导。将获得的数据用于建立二次回归模型和机器学习模型,机器学习模型分别为神经网络、决策树、随机森林和支持向量机。结果表明,频率为1MHz时,导电率与稻谷的含水率和出糙率回归模型决定系数均最高,分别为0.960和0.929。此外,使用神经网络在预测稻谷的含水率和出糙率时获得了更好的预测效果,决定系数分别为0.987和0.935,这说明了神经网络模型可以更加灵活的获取和表达电学参数与稻谷含水率和出糙率之间的非线性关系。这种便捷、高效的模型可以为稻谷品质无损检测提供理论参考。     

烟草蚜传病毒病发生的主要因子及预测预报模型

试验结果表明，陕西烟田蚜传病毒病的介体和初侵染毒源均来自当地冬油菜田；蚜传病毒病的主要种类有CMV、TEV和PVY；有翅桃蚜迁入烟田有2个高峰期，第1高峰期出现在5月中旬，第2高峰期出现在6月中旬；各品种之间存在着不同的耐病性，其中MsB07、MsG02耐病；以陕西泾阳1994－1998年5年的烟草病情资料、当地气象资料和相关资料建立了烟田蚜传病毒病发病率（Y）预测预报模型：Y＝－6．909＋0．011528X4＋0．0026X5＋0．001785X12＋0．448X13。     

Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and NetB toxin antibodies and their possible role in protection against necrotic enteritis and gangrenous dermatitis in broiler chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) and gangrenous dermatitis (GD) are important infectious diseases of poultry. Although NE and GD share a common pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, they differ in other important aspects such as clinical signs, pathologic symptoms, and age of onset. The primary virulence factors of C perfringens are its four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, iota) and the newly described NE B-like (NetB) toxin. While neutralizing antibodies against some C perfingens toxins are associated with protection against infection in mammals, the serologic responses of NE- and GD-afflicted birds to these toxins have not been evaluated. Therefore, we measured serum antibody levels to C perfringens alpha-toxin and NetB toxin in commercial birds from field outbreaks of NE and GD using recombinant toxin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Initially, we used this ELISA system to detect antibody titers against C perfringens alpha-toxin and NetB toxin that were increased in birds experimentally coinfected with Eimeria maxima and C perfringens compared with uninfected controls. Next, we applied this ELISA to field serum samples from flock-mated birds with or without clinical signs of NE or GD. The results showed that the levels of antibodies against both toxins were significantly higher in apparently healthy chickens compared to birds with clinical signs of NE or GD, suggesting that these antitoxin antibodies may play a role in protection against NE and GD.     

蜜蜂为龙眼、荔枝授粉增产技术的研究

课题组对不同群势、状态的中华蜜蜂的授粉行为、座果率的研究,实验结果表明:1、有王群与无王群相比采花蜂数和朵数分别高出339.39%和480.75%;2、有王群为荔枝和龙眼授粉座果率比对照组分别提高816.67%和549.06%,无王群分别比对照组提高705.56%和387.42%;3、有王3足框、2足框和无王3足框授粉后荔枝产量分别比对照组增产4.17、3.79、3.13倍;4、有王3足框、2足框、无王3足框授粉后荔枝单果重与对照组相比分别提高6.63%、6.21%、5.61%;5、有王、无王和不同群势授粉对荔枝可食率、维生素C含量影响差异不显著.     

羊栖菜多糖对小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞生长、增殖及代谢的影响

用含5、10、204、0、80 mg/l羊栖菜多糖(SFPS)的培养液培养小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞(MEF),研究SFPS对MEF生长增殖、营养物质吸收利用和细胞因子分泌的影响。结果表明:5、10、20 mg/lSFPS对MEF形态和生长增殖均无显著影响(P0.05),40、80 mg/l SFPS对MEF表现出明显的抑制作用(P0.05),使MEF突触分叉,细胞内颗粒增多;SFPS可显著促进MEF对葡萄糖的摄取利用(P0.05),但对钙和氨基酸的利用无显著影响(P0.05);低浓度SFPS有促进MEF碱性成纤维细胞因子(bFGF)、干细胞生长因子(SCF)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)分泌的趋势,但高浓度SFPS对bFGF、SCF和LIF的分泌无显著影响。     

乳过氧化氢酶体系在牛乳保鲜中的应用

由于三聚氰胺事件影响,乳品安全已日益得到广大消费者的重视,生物酶制剂在牛乳保鲜中取得了良好的效果。本文从组成、抗菌机理、保鲜效果等方面探讨了鲜牛奶中固有的一种天然抗菌活性体系-乳过氧化物酶体系(LPS)在牛乳保鲜中的应用,并结合当前研究进展论述了它在牛乳保鲜中的效果,为牛乳保鲜提供了新的方法。     

重金属污水处理的研究与发展

对重金属污水处理的各种方法分别进行分析,指出其不足之处。并对生物处理重金属污染技术重点介绍,该技术是未来重金属污水处理的主要方法。生物技术具有原料丰富、效率高、成本低、环境友好无污染等优点。现阶段,很多生物技术尚处于实验室阶段,大规模应用于工业重金属污水处理还需要进一步的研究和发展。      

Supplemental Chromium Picolinate Promotes Growth of Broiler Chickens by Enhancing Insulin Receptor Gene Expression

Chromium has been recognized for decades as a nutritional factor that promotes the growth of broiler chickens, but the molecular mechanism is still not clearly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on the growth of broiler chickens. A total of 144 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed the same basal diet supplemented with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate. The experiment lasted for three weeks from day 28 to 42 of the birds.. Supplementation with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate significantly increased body weight (P < 0.05). Serum insulin levels in chickens of the experimental group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas serum their glucose concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum lipid profiles in chickens fed the diet supplemented with chromium picolinate. Gene expression levels of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), two pivotal components of the insulin signaling pathway, were also investigated using Real-time quantitative PCR. IR expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased following chromium supplementation. Therefore, supplemental chromium picolinate had a beneficial effect on the growth of broilers. In agreement with observations in mammals, chromium might exert its effect via potentiating insulin action, and ultimately by stimulating anabolism without altering body composition in chickens.     

The spatiotemporal dynamics of rapid urban growth in the Nanjing metropolitan region of China

To better understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the urban landscape of the Nanjing metropolitan region, China, we conducted a series of spatial analyses using remotely sensed data of 1979, 1988, 1998, 2000 and 2003. The results showed that the urban area as well as the growth rate increased significantly. Three urban growth types were distinguished: infilling, edge-expansion and spontaneous growth. The pattern of urban growth can be described as a ‘diffusion–coalescence’ phase transition. Although edge-expansion was the most common growth type, the spontaneous growth took a greater proportion in area and patch number than the infilling growth at the early stage, but its dominance decreased as urbanization proceeded from the diffusion phase to the coalescence phase. Hot-zones of urban growth and the distribution pattern of newly urbanized areas in different periods were studied with a buffering analysis. More than 80% of the growth area occurred within a zone of 1.4 km wide outwards from the pre-growth urban fringes. The spatial distribution of newly urbanized areas in each period showed a uniform negative exponential decline relative to the distance from the edge of the urban patches. There existed an outward wave-like shifting of urban growth hot-zones, but the distance-growth area curves varied at different stages of urban growth. While a double-peaked pattern usually occurred in the diffusion phase, a single-peaked pattern was common in the coalescence phase.