70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂(艾美乐)防治小麦穗蚜药效试验

试验结果表明,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂（艾美乐）在4～5g/667m^2的剂量下,对小麦穗蚜的防治效果优良,药后1～21d的防效均在91%以上,兼有持效性较长、对小麦安全、对环境友好及使用方便等优点,是防治小麦穗蚜的较好药剂.     

玉米Rf3基因近等基因系(NIL)的构建及RAPD验证

利用杂交、回交和自交序成了玉米ＣＭＳ－Ｓ型育性恢复基因Ｒｆ３的一对近等基因系（ＮＩＬ）以用于相关分子撑的研究,先前的研究认为,建立ＮＩＬ所需回交次数一般为６次以上,本研究用ＲＡＰＤ分析证明了Ｒｆ３基因近等基因系创建的回交次数为４次,即达到与目标连锁片段的有效渗入。     

基于随机森林算法和气象因子的砀山酥梨始花期预报

准确预报始花期是制定砀山酥梨花期管理措施和赏花活动方案的重要基础。该研究利用1983—2018年砀山酥梨始花期的定位观测物候数据和平行观测的气象资料,采用线性趋势法,揭示始花期演变趋势;采用相关分析,筛选影响始花期的关键气象因子,依据不同预报日期构成特征变量集;采用随机森林算法（Random Forest, RF）,自3月11日开始预报到3月25日终止预报,每日训练1个预报模型。结果表明,1）1983－2018年始花期呈极显著提早发生趋势,每10 a约提前2.750 d（P＜0.001）。2）16个逐日气象预报模型中,共计有200个气象因子与始花期早迟密切相关,相关系数在0.469～0.789之间;各气象预报模型的训练集与测试集的平均正确率（Nd）分别为92.9%和75.5%、平均均方根误差（RMSE）分别为1.693～2.870和2.240～7.237、平均决定系数（R2）分别为0.891和0.701。3）2019年试验预报中,提前15 d准确预报出当年始花期。该文研究表明RF在梨树始花期逐日气象预报中有一定业务应用潜力,预报准确率基本满足气象服务需求。     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.     

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Neotropical primates in the western Amazon,Brazil

The Brazilian Amazon is endemic for malaria and natural infections by Plasmodium spp. have been detected in Neotropical primates. Despite the diversity of primate species in the region, studies on infections by these agents are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of infection by Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in free‐born primates that were kept in captivity, in the western Amazon, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 98 Neotropical primates. Detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum DNA was performed using a semi‐nested PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced. Plasmodium spp. DNA was detected in 6.12% (6/98) of the primates. P. vivax, and P. falciparum DNA was detected in 2.04% (2/98) and 4.08% (4/98) of these mammals, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results obtained from the semi‐nested PCR. The presence of infected non‐human primates (NHP) can be auxiliary in the maintenance of P. falciparum and P. vivax and may have implications for the malaria surveillance and control in the Brazilian Amazon. It is necessary to structure an efficient surveillance system for the aetiological agents of malaria that infect NHP and humans to reduce the risk of Plasmodium spp. introduction into new areas, to protect all susceptible species.     

Detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brucella</Emphasis> sp. infection through serological,microbiological, and molecular methods applied to buffaloes in Maranhão State,Brazil

The aim of the current study is to diagnose Brucella spp. infection using methods such as serology, bacterial isolation, and molecular analysis in buffaloes bred in Maranhão State. In order to do so, 390 samples of buffalo serum were subjected to serological tests, to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) combined with slow agglutination test (SAT). Vaginal swabs were collected from seropositive animals and subjected to bacterial isolation and to generic PCR. According to the serological test, 16 animals had a positive reaction to the confirmatory test (2-ME/SAT). As for bacterial isolation, three samples resulted in the isolation of Brucella spp.-characteristic colonies, which were confirmed through PCR. These results confirmed Brucella spp. infection in the buffalo herd from Maranhão State.     

水库不投饵网箱无公害养殖技术

2006年南阳市不投饵网箱养鱼发展到6万箱,是全国最大规模的淡水不投饵网箱养鱼基地。丹江口水库(河南境内)和鸭河口水库两座大型水库共有水面约70万亩,从2002年1月至2006年12月连续进行不投饵网箱养殖鲢鳙鱼试验,经过逐步实施严格的养殖生产技术和质量控制措施,所生产的水产品质量安全、无公害,目前两座水库均通过了国家农业部无公害水产品产地认定和产品质量认证。现将养殖技术总结如下:     

Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abattoir

The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs at abattoirs is higher than in pigs sampled on farms. This study investigated whether MRSA negative pigs can become MRSA positive during transportation from the farm to the abattoir after exposure to other pigs and environmental sources of MRSA. Nasal swabs were collected from four batches of pigs during loading at the farm, on arrival at the abattoir and after stunning. Environmental wipes were taken from lorries after transporting pigs and from lairages after holding pigs. All pigs (n = 117) tested MRSA negative before transportation. On arrival at the abattoir, 12/117 (10.3%) pigs in two batches tested MRSA positive. In lorries that tested positive after transportation, the prevalence of MRSA positive pigs was 21.1%, whereas no MRSA was detected in pigs that had been transported in lorries that tested negative after transportation. At stunning, all batches and 70/117 (59.8%) pigs tested MRSA positive. Pigs can become MRSA positive in the short period of time during transportation from the farm to stunning at the abattoir.