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61.
62.
Fernandez-Gonzalez A La Spada AR Treadaway J Higdon JC Harris BS Sidman RL Morgan JI Zuo J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5561):1904-1906
The classical recessive mouse mutant, Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd), exhibits adult-onset degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, retinal photoreceptors, olfactory bulb mitral neurons, and selected thalamic neurons, and has defective spermatogenesis. Here we identify Nna1 as the gene mutated in the original pcd and two additional pcd alleles (pcd2J and pcd3J). Nna1 encodes a putative nuclear protein containing a zinc carboxypeptidase domain initially identified by its induction in spinal motor neurons during axonal regeneration. The present study suggests an unexpected molecular link between neuronal degeneration and regeneration, and its results have potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases and male infertility. 相似文献
63.
He H Liyanarachchi S Akagi K Nagy R Li J Dietrich RC Li W Sebastian N Wen B Xin B Singh J Yan P Alder H Haan E Wieczorek D Albrecht B Puffenberger E Wang H Westman JA Padgett RA Symer DE de la Chapelle A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6026):238-240
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are essential factors in messenger RNA splicing. By means of homozygosity mapping and deep sequencing, we show that a gene encoding U4atac snRNA, a component of the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, is mutated in individuals with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPD I), a severe developmental disorder characterized by extreme intrauterine growth retardation and multiple organ abnormalities. Functional assays showed that mutations (30G>A, 51G>A, 55G>A, and 111G>A) associated with MOPD I cause defective U12-dependent splicing. Endogenous U12-dependent but not U2-dependent introns were found to be poorly spliced in MOPD I patient fibroblast cells. The introduction of wild-type U4atac snRNA into MOPD I cells enhanced U12-dependent splicing. These results illustrate the critical role of minor intron splicing in human development. 相似文献
64.
For analysis of drug dosage forms, precision measures of AOAC approved automated methods, usually containing a spectrophotometric or fluorometric measurement step, were recalculated on a consistent statistical basis, using a computer program "FDACHEMIST." Ten collaborative studies of 14 compounds in 38 materials, consisting of various dosage forms, usually in 10 replications by an average of 7 laboratories, with a total of 2461 determinations, were reviewed. The average relative standard deviations within-laboratory (RSDo) and among-laboratories (RSDx) were 1.1 and 1.9%, respectively, and the ratio of RSDo/RSDx was 0.57, with an average outlier rate of 0.57% of the reported values. The line of best fit for RSDx plotted against - log concentration increases slightly with decreasing concentration, extending from an RSDx of about 1.6% at 100% concentration to an RSDx of 2.2% at 0.1% concentration, a change in RSDx of about 0.2% for a 10-fold decrease in concentration, independent of analyte and matrix. 相似文献
65.
Albert C. Trouse 《Soil & Tillage Research》1983,3(1):67-81
A technique of subsoiling directly under the row to be planted has been found to be beneficial, because barriers to root development are pierced in a location that is difficult to recompact. Over a 15-year period, average yields increased substantially in the southeastern United States when this system was practiced. However, the increases were not consistent, and some reasons for those variations are analyzed. 相似文献
66.
Thompson HJ Heimendinger J Gillette C Sedlacek SM Haegele A O'neill C Wolfe P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6126-6132
It is well established that vegetables and fruit (VF) contain antioxidant phytochemicals. Consequently, it is expected that individuals who consume diets with a high content of VF should be better protected against oxidative cellular damage than individuals who do not, but not all data support this assumption. The objective of this study was to identify possible explanations for this conundrum. The effects of two diets that differed in VF content on markers of oxidative damage were studied. Sixty-four women participated in a 14-day dietary intervention. Subjects consumed on average either 3.6 or 12.1 servings of VF per day. The primary end points assessed were 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in peripheral lymphocyte DNA and 8-isoprostaglandin F-2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) excreted in urine. Subjects consuming the high versus low VF diet had lower concentrations of 8-oxo-dG (p < 0.01) and of 8-iso-PGF2alpha (p < 0.01). However, the reduction in oxidative end points by high VF was not uniform. Rather, an antioxidant effect was observed primarily in individuals whose oxidative end points at baseline were above the median for the study population. Using change in plasma carotenoids (end point minus baseline measurements) as an index of phytochemical intake, the reduction in oxidative markers was inversely proportional to change in plasma carotenoids; this effect was stronger for lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) than DNA oxidation (p < 0.05). These findings imply that increasing exogenous antioxidant exposure may primarily benefit individuals with elevated levels of oxidative stress. Null findings do not necessarily indicate that an antioxidant compound lacks in vivo activity. 相似文献
67.
Juhasz Albert L. Smith Euan Smith Julie Naidu Ravendra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,146(1-4):111-126
A bench scale, two-phase soil washing-biosorption process was developed for the remediation of p,p′-DDT-contaminated soil (containing 990 and 7750 mg kg-1 of p,p′-DDT). Removal of p,p′-DDT from contaminated soil was achieved by washing the soil with low molecular weight primary alcohols (ethanol or 1-propanol). An improved efficiency of p,p′-DDT removal was observed with increasing C-chain length of the cosolvent and by increasing the cosolvent volume fraction. When 40 or 80% 1-propanol were used, greater than 93% of p,p′-DDT was desorbed from the respective soils. p,p′-DDT was partitioned from the cosolvent solutions using biomass of Cladosporium sp. strain AJR318,501 as the sorptivematrix. When studies were conducted using a cosolvent-recycling regime (with 80% 1-propanol) greater than 95% of p,p′-DDT was removed from Soil A (990 mg kg-1 p,p′-DDT) and Soil B (7750 mg kg-1 p,p′-DDT) with the majority of the desorbed organochlorine repartitioning onto the fungal biomass. Less than 2.4 μg mL-1 p,p′-DDT was detected in the cosolvent wash solution of Soil A after 80 hr: potentially the cosolvent could be further reused to treat other soil. A higher concentration of p,p′-DDT was detected in the cosolvent wash solution of soil B after 120 hr (13.3 μg mL-1) indicating that the p,p′-DDT sorption sites on the fungal biomass were fully saturated. 相似文献
68.
Alwyn Sowerby Bridget Emmett Albert Tietema Marc Estiarte Steven Hughes 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(10):1805-1813
Climate change constitutes a serious threat for European heathlands as unlike other sources of damage, such as over-grazing, local remediation is not a possibility. Within the large pan-European projects, CLIMOOR and VULCAN, the effect of periodic drought and increased temperature were investigated in four heathland ecosystems along a geographical and climatic gradient across Europe. Fluorogenically labelled substrates for four enzymes (glucosidase, sulphatase, phosphatase, leucine amino peptidase) were used to measure extra-cellular enzyme activity in soil samples from each of the CLIMOOR sites. Microbial extra-cellular enzyme production is linked to microbial activity as well as soil physico-chemical properties, making soil enzymes one of the more reactive components of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially excellent indicators of soil microbial functional status and diversity.Across all sites and over all the substrates, organic matter content was exponentially, inversely related to enzyme activity. Although the increase in temperature produced by the CLIMOOR roofs was small (on average 0.9 °C), this was sufficient to increase enzyme activity in all sites (on average by 45%). The increase was within the range of seasonal variability at each of the sites. The effect of drought on enzyme activity was more pronounced in the Northern European sites than the southern European, and most moisture limited, site. This suggests that the effect of temperature increases may be observed across all regions; however, the soils of northern Europe may be more sensitive to changes in rainfall patterns than more moisture limited Southern European soils. 相似文献
69.
Juhasz Albert L. Smith Euan Smith Julie Naidu Ravendra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,147(1-4):263-274
The effectiveness of cosolvent soil flushing and fungal biosorption for the remediation of p,p′-DDT-contaminated soil was evaluated usingpacked soil columns in order to simulate an in situ soil flushing technique. Greater than 95% of p,p′-DDT (940 mg kg-1) was desorbed from the soil by flushing with 40 or 80% 1-propanol. Increasing the cosolvent volume fraction increased the rate of p,p′-DDT removal from the soil, however, the extent of p,p′-DDT removal was not enhanced. A further enhancement in therate of p,p′-DDT removal was achieved by increasing the cosolventflow rate from 6 ml hr-1 to 12 ml hr-1 (pore water velocity from 18.9 to 37.8 cm hr-1). The desorbed p,p′-DDT was removed from cosolvent wash solutions by partitioning onto fungal biomass. Biosorption of p,p′-DDT resulted in low concentrations of the organochlorine (3.3 μg ml-1) remaining in thecosolvent effluent indicating that the cosolvent could be reused for further p,p′-DDT desorption. Using this technique, between 53 and 95 pore volumes were required to reduce p,p′-DDT concentrationsfrom 990 mg kg-1 to below Australian and New Zealand Environmentaland Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines (50 mg kg-1). 相似文献
70.
Abstract – Body length, age, egg size, embryo salinity tolerance and length at hatching of the freshwater (salinity <0.1 ppt, Lake Peipsi) and brackish-water (salinity 2–6 ppt, Pärnu and Matsalu Bay) ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), were examined to reveal their reproductive success in moderate salinity. Eggs of females originating from brackish water were significantly larger than eggs of freshwater females. No correlation between egg size and female size and age was found in brackish-water populations. In the freshwater population there was a small negative correlation between egg size and female size, but no correlation with female age. Fertilisation by sperm of males of different origin (brackish water or freshwater) produced no significant differences at any critical developmental stage (fertilisation, gastrulation, hatching) in the development of eggs from brackish-water or freshwater females at 3.3, 5.5, 7.7 and 9.9 ppt salinity. Survival rates in different salinity depended only on female origin; embryonic salinity tolerance was higher in ruffe inhabiting brackish water. Obviously, embryo salinity tolerance in ruffe is determined by egg qualities. 相似文献