硒中毒对猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

探讨硒对猪红细胞免疫功能的影响，测定了亚慢性硒中毒猪全血硒含量，全血GSH—PX活性，红细胞C3bR花环率和红细胞IC花环率及血清RCIA促进率和抑制率。结果显示加硒组猪红细胞硒含量和血清RCIA花环仰制率明显提高，而红细胞C3bR花环率和血清RCIA花环促进率下降，GSH—PX活性和红细胞IC花环率无明显影响。表明过量硒使红细胞膜表面的C3bR数量明显减少，导致机体红细胞的免疫黏附活性降低，红细胞免疫功能低下。     

MOLECULARANALYSISOFBENZIMIDAZOLEANDPHENYLCARBAMATERESISTANCEINRHYNCHOSPORIUMSECALISANDTHEAFFECTOFRES

田间抗性监测发现了大麦云纹斑病菌新型的抗性菌株，这类菌株对苯并咪唑类（多菌灵）、Ｐｈｅｎｙｌｃａｒｂａｍａｔｅ（乙霉威）及三唑类（三唑醇）表现多重抗性，先前发现的多菌灵抗药性菌株均是在β－维管蛋白基因的１９８位点出现等位基因的突变，而新发现的菌株则仅在２００位点（ＴＴＣ）由苯并氨酸转变成赖氨酸（ＴＡＣ）而导致对３种药剂的抗性。温室试验证明，这类菌株的致病性和野生敏感菌的致病性几乎一致，说明大麦云纹斑病菌对杀菌剂抗药性的发展与致病性之间没有相关性。     

Evaluation of diagnostic tests for Johne's disease in young cattle

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of immune responses in calves experimentally and naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and to evaluate the potential for diagnostic tests to detect infected calves. DESIGN: Sequential testing of four treatment groups of calves over a 2 year period. PROCEDURE: Twenty-nine calves were allocated to four groups. Group D calves were orally dosed with M paratuberculosis, group N calves naturally exposed to M paratuberculosis, group V calves vaccinated for M paratuberculosis, and group C were control calves (not infected or vaccinated). Blood and faecal specimens were collected from each calf at monthly intervals to 18 months of age and then every 2 months until they were slaughtered between the ages of 21 and 29 months. Specimens were tested using absorbed EIA, IFN-gamma EIA and faecal culture. The infection status of the calves was confirmed by extensive histopathological examination and tissue culture. RESULTS: M paratuberculosis infection was confirmed in 10 calves, comprising six of eight orally dosed calves, three of five naturally exposed calves and one of nine vaccinated calves. The six artificially infected calves and one naturally infected calf were detected shedding M paratuberculosis in their faeces. Results with positive absorbed EIA were obtained from one artificially infected calf, one naturally infected calf and three vaccinated calves. All calves including controls had positive results on at least one occasion using the IFN-gamma EIA. In addition, seven calves had positive bovine tuberculosis results using the IFN-gamma EIA, even though bovine tuberculosis has been eradicated from Australia. CONCLUSION: Detection of M paratuberculosis infection in young cattle continues to be difficult using current tests.     

蛤蚧的人工养殖

蛤蚧又称大壁虎、仙蟾，属爬行纲壁虎科。体长可达34厘米，背面呈紫灰色，有赤色斑点；尾部暗灰色，有七条环带状斑纹；腹面灰白色，有粉红色斑点。指、趾问仅存蹼迹，指、趾底有单排皮瓣。栖息于山岩涧、树洞内和墙壁上。夜间活动，捕食昆虫、小鸟、蛇类和其他种类的壁虎。干燥的蛤蚧可全体人药，用于补肺益肾、纳气、定喘。     

^14C—抗蚜威在土壤中的吸附解吸附特性研究

研究了＾１４Ｃ抗蚜威在８种土壤中的吸附解吸行为。结果表明，不同土壤对该杀虫剂的吸附能力差异很大，吸附率低的仅为１３．１６％，高的达８７．７５％，同种土壤对抗蚜威的吸附量随农药的浓度增高而增大，但在一定浓度范围内，吸附量几乎不受抗蚜威浓度的影响。根据研究结果建立了土壤基本理化性质对吸附率综合影响的多元回归方程（达显水平），并找出了影响吸附率关键因子：ｐＨ和粘粒含量，这两分别与吸附率呈极显负相关     

世界蘑菇的消费量

目前,世界各国的蘑菇消费量在不断地增长。据统计,1976年世界13个主要国家的消费量已由1974年的558000吨增长到597000吨,美国居世界第一位,西德为居第二位,其次是法国、英国和意大利,13个国家合计消费量占世界总消费量的87～88％。     

Evaluation of different doses of propofol in xylazine pre-medicated horses

Objective To characterize responses to different doses of propofol in horses pre‐medicated with xylazine. Animals Six adult horses (five females and one male). Methods Each horse was anaesthetized four times with either ketamine or propofol in random order at 1‐week intervals. Horses were pre‐medicated with xylazine (1.1 mg kg^?1 IV over a minute), and 5 minutes later anaesthesia was induced with either ketamine (2.2 mg kg^?1 IV) or propofol (1, 2 and 4 mg kg^?1 IV; low, medium and high doses, respectively). Data were collected continuously (electrocardiogram) or after xylazine administration and at 5, 10 and 15 minutes after anaesthetic induction (arterial pressure, respiratory rate, pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and O₂ saturation). Anaesthetic induction and recovery were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. Results Differences in the quality of anaesthesia were observed; the low dose of propofol resulted in a poorer anaesthetic induction that was insufficient to allow intubation, whereas the high dose produced an excellent quality of induction, free of excitement. Recorded anaesthesia times were similar between propofol at 2 mg kg^?1 and ketamine with prolonged and shorter recovery times after the high and low dose of propofol, respectively (p < 0.05; ketamine, 38 ± 7 minutes; propofol 1 mg kg^?1, 29 ± 4 minutes; propofol 2 mg kg^?1, 37 ± 5 minutes; propofol 4 mg kg^?1, 50 ± 7 minutes). Times to regain sternal and standing position were longest with the highest dose of propofol (32 ± 5 and 39 ± 7 minutes, respectively). Both ketamine and propofol reversed bradycardia, sinoatrial, and atrioventricular blocks produced by xylazine. There were no significant alterations in blood pressure but respiratory rate, and PaO₂ and O₂ saturation were significantly decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion The anaesthetic quality produced by the three propofol doses varied; the most desirable effects, which were comparable to those of ketamine, were produced by 2 mg kg^?1 propofol.     

Detection, quantification, and pharmacokinetics of furosemide and its effects on urinary specific gravity following IV administration to horses

Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic used for the prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses. This drug may interfere with the detection of other substances by reducing urinary concentrations, so its use is strictly regulated. The regulation of furosemide in many racing jurisdictions is based on paired limits of urinary SG (<1.010) and serum furosemide concentrations (>100 ng/ml). To validate this regulatory mechanism, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method employing a solid-phase extraction procedure and furosemide-d5 as an internal standard was developed. The method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of furosemide in equine serum samples and its effects on urinary SG after IV administration (250 mg) to 10 horses. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that serum concentrations of furosemide were well described by a two-compartmental open model. Based on results in this study, it is very unlikely for horses to have serum furosemide concentrations greater than 100 ng/ml or urine SG less than 1.010 at 4 hours after administration (250 mg IV). However, it should be remembered that urine SG is a highly variable measurement in horses, and even without furosemide administration, some horses might naturally have urine SG values less than 1.010.