花生秧粉对21～70日龄皖西白鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of peanut seedling powder on the growth performance, slaughter performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical indexes of Wanxi white geese aged 21 to 70 days. Seven hundred and twenty 21⁃day⁃old healthy Wanxi white geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates (3 replicates for male and 3 replicates female) per groups and 20 geese per replicate. The usage amount of peanut seedling powder in diets of the 6 groups was 0 (control), 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%, respectively, and the test period was 50 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary peanut seedling powder usage amount had no significant effects on the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed / gain ratio of Wanxi white geese aged from 21 to 70 days (P>0.05) . 2) Dietary peanut seedling powder usage amount significantly affected the abdominal fat rate of Wanxi white geese aged 70 days (P < 0. 05) . The abdominal fat rate in the 3% and 9% groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05) . 3) Dietary peanut seedling powder usage amount had no significant effects on the sucrase and amylase activities in jejunum contents of Wanxi white geese aged 70 days (P>0.05) . The jejunum contents maltase activity in the 15% group was significantly higher than that in the control group and other experimental groups (P<0.05); the jejunum content lipase activity in each experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . 4) When the usage amount of peanut seedling powder was 15%, the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); when the usage amounts of peanut seedling powder were 9%, 12% and 15%, the serum total cholesterol (TC) content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); when the usage amounts of peanut seedling powder were 12% and 15%, the serum highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL⁃C) content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); when the usage amount of peanut seedling powder was 6%, the serum low⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C) content was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . To sum up, the usage amount of peanut seedling powder within 15% has no significant effect on the growth performance of Wanxi white geese aged 21 to 70 days, but can improve the jejunum content digestive enzyme activities and reduce lipid deposition. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.     

盐胁迫下不同水稻品种苗期植物内源激素含量的变化特征

研究改进了现行的植物激素检测方法,通过探讨耐盐品种超优千号、Y两优900以及盐敏感品种IR64经0.8％的NaCl胁迫处理0、6、24和72 h后茉莉酸(JA)、水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)3种植物激素的含量变化,初步分析了3种植物内源激素含量在盐胁迫下的变化规律以及激素间相互作用对水稻生长的影响.结果表明:(1)...     

葡萄中金龟子防治农药残留与风险评估

开展葡萄中4种常用防治金龟子农药的残留动态、最终残留检测并评估其膳食风险的试验。结果表明, 3种拌土撒施农药辛硫磷、噻虫嗪及吡虫啉颗粒剂在施药28 d后在葡萄中均未检出(检出限均为0.01 mg·kg^-1),葡萄膳食风险较低。高效氯氰菊酯按照每667 m²试验剂量30 g在葡萄大棚内残留动态符合一级动力学方程,降解速率常数为0.009,降解半衰期为77 d,施药间隔28 d仍不符合其在葡萄中的残留限量标准要求0.2 mg·kg^-1,存在一定的安全风险。     

菠萝AcSOC1基因调控因子筛选

菠萝（Ananas comosus）是我国热区种植的主要经济作物之一,农业种植上常通过施用乙烯利促其成花,但关于乙烯诱导菠萝成花的分子机制与植物体内已知的五大成花途径之间关系尚不清楚。SOC1（SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1）是一种开花整合因子,能够整合多种成花信号,诱导植物成花。有实验数据显示,AcSOC1（XM_020238379.1）基因响应乙烯诱导,在乙烯处理菠萝后,AcSOC1表达量上升。为了深入了解SOC1在菠萝成花中的作用及乙烯诱导菠萝成花与五大成花途径之间的关系,本研究以乙烯敏感品种‘台农4号’为材料,克隆AcSOC1启动子,构建pAbAi-pAcSOC1诱饵载体,利用酵母单杂技术,筛选AcSOC1候选调控因子,并用双荧光素酶实验进行验证。结果显示：共筛选出4个AcSOC1候选转录的调控因子:GHD7 （Heading Date7）、SVP1（SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE 1）、SVP2（SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE 2）、AP1（APETALA1）,只有AcSVP1、AcSVP2与pAcSOC1存在互作关系。SVP是一种开花抑制因子,乙烯能够抑制菠萝AcSVP基因表达。因此推断认为,乙烯诱导菠萝成花,可能是通过抑制AcSVP基因实现的,即乙烯通过抑制AcSVP的表达,从而降低了AcSVP对AcSOC1表达的抑制作用,AcSOC1表达增强,加快了乙烯诱导成花的过程。     

菠萝蜜果锈病对果苞抗性生理影响

近年来,菠萝蜜果锈病的发生渐为普遍,为了进一步了解菠萝蜜果锈病,本研究测定了菠萝蜜果锈病果苞和健康果苞的五种与植物抗逆性生理相关的酶活以及丙二醛含量。实验结果表明,果锈病果苞的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性都要高于健康果苞,健康果苞的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量都高于果锈病果苞。但POD、PPO活性不是每个果都存在显著性差异,因此不能作为反映菠萝蜜果内锈病果苞与健康果苞间差异的抗性生理指标,SOD、CAT、PAL、MDA含量可以作为反映菠萝蜜果内锈病果苞与健康果苞间差异的抗性生理指标。探究果锈病对其果苞抗性生理特性的影响,为进一步了解菠萝蜜果锈病提供理论帮助。     

转百脉根BIO ORGANS(BIO)和突变基因(bio)烟草植株的生长及表型分析

BIO ORGANS(BIO)是百脉根中调控花器官形态和器官大小的基因,为深入研究其基因功能,利用根癌农杆菌介导法把BIO及其突变的截断基因bio定向导入烟草(Nicotiana tobacum)中,共获得18株转BIO基因烟草植株以及21株转bio烟草植株.转BIO及转bio植株表型具有一定的相似性:与野生型相比,转基因植株的生长周期显著缩短;接近一半的叶片出现缺刻或呈现一个叶片向两个叶片分裂的趋势;花冠颜色变浅,花器官大小、数目、形态等都表现出了一定的变化.不同的是,与野生型相比,转BIO植株明显矮化,器官变小;而转bio植株株高变高,器官变大.通过表型分析显示,BIO基因参与了植株形态建成的多个方面,包括植株的高度、叶片以及花器官的形态等,同时推测bio基因缺失的一段序列可能对调控器官大小起着重要的作用.对BIO及bio测序后进行序列比对,结果显示其基因序列及蛋白序列与豆科植物大豆(Glycine max)、蒺藜苜蓿(Nledicago truncatula)中的部分序列相似性均达到90％以上.该研究为下一步探索BIO基因的调控机理以及与其他基因的互作关系提供了实验依据.     

二花脸猪产仔数性状的分子标记及其效应分析

采用PCR及PCR-RFLP技术对FSHβ、ESR和PRLR基因在二花脸猪群体内的多态性及对繁殖性状的影响进行了检测与分析。结果表明:108头二花脸猪中检测到FSHβ基因的AA和AB基因型,ESR和PRLR基因的AA、AB和BB 3种基因型。FSHβ基因的AA基因型初产和经产的总产仔数(TNB)和产活仔数(NBA)均显著或极显著高于AB基因型;ESR基因的BB基因型初产及经产TNB和NBA均显著高于AB基因型和AA基因型;PRLR基因的AA基因型和AB基因型初产和经产TNB和NBA均高于BB基因型(P0.01)。FSHβ基因的AB基因型初产和经产初生质量(BW)和断奶质量(WW)均高于AA基因型(P0.05);ESR基因的AA基因型初产和经产BW高于AB和BB基因型(P0.05),WW高于BB基因型;PRLR基因的BB基因型初产和经产仔猪的WW均显著高于AA基因型(P0.05)。FSHβ、PRLR和ESR基因对二花脸猪繁殖性状有一定影响,可作为二花脸猪繁殖性状辅助选择的标记。     

虫草饲料添加剂对蛋鸭生产性能及鸭蛋品质的影响

[目的]观察虫草饲料添加剂＂虫草欣康＂对蛋鸭的生长性能、产蛋率及鸭蛋品质的影响。[方法]选择270只处于产蛋期的蛋鸭,随机分为3组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I组饲喂含0.1%虫草添加剂的基础日粮,试验II组饲喂含0.4%虫草添加剂的基础日粮。试验期28 d。试验期间,定期观察记录蛋鸭的体重和生长状况,检测鸭蛋外部品质和营养指标。[结果]与对照组相比,试验I和II组蛋鸭体重略有增加,产蛋率分别提高1.07%和2.15%,蛋重分别提高3.95%和4.16%,料蛋比分别降低了2.54%和4.23%;鸭蛋蛋形、蛋壳厚度稳定;在试验I和II组,鸭蛋蛋白质含量分别提高了5.55%和17.15%,胆固醇含量分别下降了11.79%和42.14%,卵黄中IgY含量分别提高了13.20%和27.97%,卵磷脂含量分别提高了5.13%和11.69%。[结论]虫草饲料添加剂能够增加蛋鸭的体重,提高蛋鸭产蛋率以及鸭蛋品质。     

广东新型城镇化与农业现代化协调发展研究

新型城镇化与农业现代化是广东高质量发展的两个重要方面.采用主成分因子法选取了反映新型城镇化与农业现代化发展水平的各20个指标,通过测定新型城镇化与农业现代化之间的耦合协调度,再运用VAR模型描述两者之间的内在关系.研究发现:广东新型城镇化与农业现代化的耦合协调度逐步上升,先后经历失调-濒临失调-初级协调-中级协调,目前整体耦合度并不高;广东新型城镇化对农业现代化产生正向拉动效应,较强于农业现代化的反作用,而长期内这种拉动效应渐渐被强化趋于平稳.因此,为实现两者之间的协调发展,应充分发挥新型城镇化对农业现代化的正向拉动作用.