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排序方式: 共有132条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is a serious global pest menacing pistachio orchards. Considering the dangers of using excessive chemical pesticides, it seems that using natural insecticides such as diatomaceous earth is a suitable way to lower the residual amount of highly hazardous pesticides. In this study, the effects of diatomaceous earth with different additives, including dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, polyurethane glue as a wood adhesive, and potassium silicate, were investigated in several concentrations over two years in orchard conditions. Although all treatments showed significant effects, the most effective treatments were (diatomaceous earth+dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) and (diatomaceous earth+polyurethane glue). Therefore, the use of diatomaceous earth combined with the additive materials mentioned can potentially be a safe method for the integrated management of the common pistachio psylla. 相似文献
2.
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality,immune response,zinc retention,and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production 下载免费PDF全文
M. Abedini F. Shariatmadari M. A. Karimi Torshizi H. Ahmadi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):736-745
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on the performance, egg quality, Zn retention, immunity responses, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), egg malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum parameters in laying hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 laying hens at 64 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, and 12 birds within each group. Experimental diets included a corn‐soybean meal‐based diet (without Zn supplementation) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn‐oxide, ZnO‐NPs, and Zn‐methionine. The results indicated that egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the Zn‐methionine and ZnO‐NPs groups (p < .05). Also, eggshell thickness and shell strength increased in the ZnO‐NPs group as compared with the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased egg loss (p < .05). There were significant differences among treatments in Zn deposition in tibiotarsus, liver, pancreas, eggs, and excreta (p < .01). Antibody titre, heterophil (%(, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly higher in birds fed with Zn‐supplemented diets (p < .05). In treatments supplemented with ZnO‐NPs and Zn‐methionine, the SOD activity in the liver, pancreas, and plasma was greater as compared with the other treatments (p < .05). The MDA content in eggs was significantly reduced in groups supplemented with Zn (p < .01). Moreover, dietary Zn supplementation significantly affected serum total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and Zn level (p < .05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ZnO‐NPs can improve the performance of laying hens. Therefore, ZnO‐NPs can enhance zinc absorption in the intestine of aged layers and can be a more suitable source of zinc than regular Zn‐oxide in diets. 相似文献
3.
Soil salinity is becoming an increasingly serious constraint to plant growth in many parts of the world;this is particularly common in semi-arid and arid zones. This study was conducted to evaluate the... 相似文献
4.
Effects of irrigation strategies and soils on field grown potatoes: Yield and water productivity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seyed Hamid Ahmadi Mathias N. Andersen Rolf T. Poulsen Ali Reza Sepaskhah 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(11):1923-1290
Yield and water productivity of potatoes grown in 4.32 m2 lysimeters were measured in coarse sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam and imposed to full (FI), deficit (DI), and partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation strategies. PRD and DI as water-saving irrigation treatments received 65% of FI after tuber bulking and lasted for 6 weeks until final harvest. Analysis across the soil textures showed that fresh yields were not significant between the irrigation treatments. However, the same analysis across the irrigation treatments revealed that the effect of soil texture was significant on the fresh yield and loamy sand produced significantly higher fresh yield than the other two soils, probably because of higher leaf area index, higher photosynthesis rates, and “stay-green” effect late in the growing season. More analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between the irrigation treatments and soil textures that the highest fresh yield was obtained under FI in loamy sand. Furthermore, analysis across the soil textures showed that water productivities, WP (kg ha−1 fresh tuber yield mm−1 ET) were not significantly different between the irrigation treatments. However, across the irrigation treatments, the soil textures were significantly different. This showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and soil textures was significant that the highest significant WP was obtained under DI in sandy loam. While PRD and DI treatments increased WP by, respectively, 11 and 5% in coarse sand and 28 and 36% in sandy loam relative to FI, they decreased WP in loamy sand by 15 and 13%. The reduced WP in loamy sand was due to nearly 28% fresh tuber yield loss in PRD and DI relative to FI even though ET was reduced by 9 and 11% in these irrigation treatments. This study showed that different soils will affect water-saving irrigation strategies that are worth knowing for suitable agricultural water management. So, under non-limited water resources conditions, loamy sand produces the highest yield under full irrigation but water-saving irrigations (PRD and DI) are not recommended due to considerable loss (28%) in yield. However, under restricted water resources, it is recommended to apply water-saving irrigations in sandy loam and coarse sand to achieve the highest water productivity. 相似文献
5.
Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements 下载免费PDF全文
S. H. Ahmadi M. Agharezaee A. A. Kamgar‐Haghighi A. R. Sepaskhah 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):106-119
The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm3) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm3) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm3) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm3) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress. 相似文献
6.
M. B. Barry J. L. Pham B. Courtois C. Billot N. Ahmadi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1675-1690
Rice genetic diversity partitioning between farms, varieties and, within-variety diversity, were analysed in two villages
of Maritime Guinea with contrasted agroecological conditions. One thousand and two hundred individual plants belonging to
45 accessions collected in eight farms were genotyped using 10 SSR markers. The molecular variance was evenly shared between
and within accessions, while the farm effect was almost nil. Local varieties had a multi-line genetic structure. The number
of multilocus genotypes was proportional to the utilisation rate of the variety in the village. The F
ST values between different accessions of each variety were significant which indicated low genetic consistency in the variety
names. This varietal structure could mainly be explained by the migration phenomenon and the high varietal turnover. Compared
to allelic diversity, multilocus genotypic diversity seemed to be the most suitable indicator of the quantitative distribution
of diversity at different management scales (accession, farm and village). The within- and between-farm F
ST values were in the same order of magnitude. The within-farm diversity was not farm-specific but quantitatively high, i.e.
up to 50% of the total genotypic diversity of a given village. Given the relative importance of the within-variety diversity,
the in situ approach stands out as the most effective solution. As farms do not host specific diversity the in situ approach
could be implemented by working with a small number of farms. 相似文献
7.
The homoeologous groups of chromosomes carrying the genes for some morphological traits in wild wheat Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (T. dicoccoides) were determined, but not the actual chromosomes carrying them. The objectives of this study were to investigate the modes
of inheritance, and determine the chromosomes carrying some morphological traits in wild emmer (2n = 28; AABB), the progenitor of most cultivated wheats. To investigate the inheritance of morphological traits, crosses were
made between T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (T. durum cultivar Chartokhmi (IR10) and T. dicoccoides accessions TA1150 and TA1131. F2 seeds from each cross were grown in the field and six qualitative characters were investigated. Purple coleoptile, purple
auricle, purple culm, hairy auricle, hairy rachilla, and fragility of spike were controlled by single dominant genes. To determine
the chromosomal locations, accession TA1131 was crossed with the complete set of LDN D-genome disomic substitution lines.
Assessments of F2 populations showed that chromosomes 7A, 6A, 7B, 5B, 5A and 3B carried genes for purple coleoptile, purple auricle, purple
culm, hairy auricle, hairy rachilla and brittle rachis, respectively. 相似文献
8.
F. Razzaghi S. H. Ahmadi S.‐E. Jacobsen C. R. Jensen M. N. Andersen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(3):173-184
Drought and salinity reduce crop productivity especially in arid and semi‐arid regions, and finding a crop which produces yield under these adverse conditions is therefore very important. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is such a crop. Hence, a study was conducted in field lysimeters to investigate the effect of salinity and soil–drying on radiation use efficiency, yield and water productivity of quinoa. Quinoa was exposed to five salinity levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS m?1) of irrigation water from flower initiation onwards. During the seed‐filling phase the five salinity levels were divided between two levels of irrigation, either full irrigation (FI; 95 % of field capacity) or non‐irrigated progressive drought (PD). The intercepted photosynthetically active radiation was hardly affected by salinity (8 % decrease at 40 dS m?1) and did not differ significantly between FI and PD. Radiation use efficiency of dry matter was similar between salinity levels and between FI and PD. In line with this, no negative effect of severe salinity and soil–drying on total dry matter could be detected. Salinity levels between 20 and 40 dS m?1 significantly reduced the seed yield by ca. 33 % compared with 0 dS m?1 treatment owing to a 15–30 % reduction in seed number per m2, whereas the seed yield of PD was 8 % less than FI. Consequently, nitrogen harvested in seed was decreased by salinity although the total N‐uptake was increased. Both salinity and drought increased the water productivity of dry matter. Increasing salinity from 20 to 40 dS m?1 did not further decrease the seed number per m2 and seed yield, which shows that quinoa (cv. Titicaca) acclimated to saline conditions when exposed to salinity levels between 20 and 40 dS m?1. 相似文献
9.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 500 ppm) on the... 相似文献
10.
Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As). Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health. Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits. We explored the predictive ability(PA) of genomic prediction with single-environment models, accounting or not for trait-specific markers, multi-environment models, and multi-trait and multi-environment models, using the genotypic(1600 K SNPs) and phenotypic(grain As content, grain yield and days to flowering) data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Under the base-line single-environment model, PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content, respectively; the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso, genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) were considered to perform similarly, and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17 K, without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions. Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%. Multi-environment models, accounting for genotype × environment interactions, and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47% and 61%, respectively. Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models, the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As) with much higher efficiency for computing time. These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments. 相似文献