杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

矿区生态监测的地理加权遥感生态指数构建及评价

矿区生态是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,准确监测矿区生态对保护生态环境、维持生态平衡具有重要意义。遥感技术为矿区生态监测提供了有效手段,针对遥感生态指数（remote sensing ecological index,RSEI）在矿区生态监测中存在监测精度低、针对性弱和指标权重空间上均一化问题,该研究对RSEI进行了改进。首先,考虑矿区特殊的生态成因,在绿度、热度、湿度、干度的基础上加入煤尘污染因子构成矿区遥感生态指数;然后,利用地理加权主成分分析法确定各指标的空间权重,构建了地理加权遥感生态指数（geographically weighted-remote sensing ecological index,GW-RSEI）;最后,以山西省大同煤田为例,基于多期遥感影像对GW-RSEI在矿区生态监测中的有效性、适用性进行了验证。结果表明：GW-RSEI能准确捕捉矿区大气中的煤尘污染,从整体和局部尺度实现了矿区生态的精准监测,有效提高了矿区生态监测的精度;地理加权主成分分析法能够明确表征矿区生态的空间异质性和生态环境变化的空间连续性;2000—2020年大同煤田的GW-RSEI均值分别为0.51、0.48、0.46、0.59、0.56,整体生态环境经历了先恶化后改善的过程,其东南部生态环境变化趋势与整体一致,而西北部生态环境呈现先改善后恶化的变化趋势。研究成果为准确监测矿区生态提供了一种更加科学、有效的方法。     

内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状

利用CFD技术对内燃机燃烧过程进行数值模拟已成为内燃机研究的重要工具。选用恰当的燃烧模型对准确预测内燃机燃烧过程具有重要意义。内燃机CFD燃烧模型主要针对自燃、预混燃烧和非预混燃烧3种燃烧模式,其中有些模型可以同时模拟2种模式或3种模式。内燃机新的燃烧系统的不断出现促进了燃烧模型的发展。本文以STAR—CD和FIRE软件为出发点,介绍了内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状。     

西瓜可溶性固形物含量近红外透射检测技术

设计的近红外透射式西瓜可溶性固形物含量（SSC）检测系统主要包括光纤光谱仪、光纤透射附件、数据采集卡以及自制光源。对50个麒麟瓜SSC进行了预测试验,采用主成分回归和偏最小二乘回归法分别建立了样品的原始光谱、一阶微分光谱、二阶微分光谱和SSC的预测模型,结果表明偏最小二乘回归法建立的模型具有较高的相关性,相关系数为0．951,均方根校正误差0．347,均方根预测误差0．302,样本真实值与预测值的相关系数为0．910。     

蒙古甘草与新疆红杆甘草再生植株体系的构建

为了建立蒙古甘草和新疆红杆甘草植株再生体系,本研究采用胚轴、叶片、子叶和茎段做外植体,探究了不同激素配比对二者愈伤组织诱导及再生植株生长情况的影响,筛选出愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的最适外植体及最佳培养基。实验结果显示：MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA为愈伤组织诱导与植株再生诱导的最佳培养基,其中,胚轴与子叶是最佳诱导外植体,愈伤组织诱导率均高于90%。本研究建立的快繁体系可为甘草优良品种繁育及甘草生产提供理论参考与实践指导。     

ACC合酶cDNA克隆及其对美洲黑杨体内乙烯产生的反义抑制

利用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术克隆了大豆ＡＣＣ合酶基因ＧＭＣＡＣＣＳＩ编码区１５ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经酶切图谱分析和序列分析鉴定后,反向插入到２元载体ｐＢｉｎ４３８中,构建了表达ＡＣＣ合酶反义ＲＮＡ的植物表达载体,转化农杆菌后用该农杆菌侵染美洲黑杨叶片,在含卡那霉素的ＭＳ培养基上选择转化子和植株再生,通过ＰＣＲ检测从抗卡那植株中选到１５株转基因植株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析初步确证了外源基因是以单拷贝插入到杨树基因组ＤＮＡ中;对杨树幼苗乙烯释放的测定结果表明转基因杨树幼苗的乙烯释放量为对照的２２％。     

毛竹林丰产技术标准推广应用成效的评析

介绍尤溪县实施《毛竹丰产林标准化示范县》所取得的成效及采取的主要措施,并提出今后竹业发展的工作思路。     

Global occurrence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype H5N1

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the subtype H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) have circulated continuously in Asia, Europe, and Africa since 2003. Investigations on the environmental preference and global spread processes of the virus are needed. We compiled 16 environmental variables to assess their correlation with HPAIV-H5N1 occurrences by using a niche-based model called Maxent. We found the virus had the strongest positive association with the human footprint index, as well as the presence of certain types of wetlands and mild temperature (10-30 C). Outbreaks of HPAIV-H5N1 in poultry or wild birds were also more frequent in certain major habitat types (e.g., tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, and flooded grasslands and savannas) and ecoregions. We conducted trend surface analysis to generate the travelling wave of the virus' global spread from 2003 to 2009, which indicated that high mountains or plateaus did not affect the spread speed and direction.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.