互插式连栋温室风压分布模拟分析

以CFD理论为基础,建立了互插式连栋温室周围空气绕流的数学模型,设定了流体的边界条件,运用Fluent软件对互插式连栋温室的风压分布进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明,风力对温室作用主要是向上的升力;风压系数沿温室跨度方向分布的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果基本吻合;上风向和下风向风压系数沿温室高度方向呈二次曲线分布,相关系数分别为0.975和0.990;最后将模拟得到的风压系数转换成相应的风载体型系数,为结构优化设计提供参考。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

马铃薯Y病毒云南昭通烟草分离物的检测及年度间差异比较

利用DAS-ELISA检测试剂盒检测昭通烟草脉斑病样品,结果表明存在马铃薯Y病毒O株系和马铃薯Y病毒N株系两个不同株系病毒。利用Sprimer和M4引物扩增、克隆、测序,得到长度为1 771 bp目的片段,该片段包含病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列、3′ UTR序列以及部分Nib基因序列;序列分析表明与湖南HN 2分离物（GenBank No. GQ200836）和美国NE 11分离物（GenBank No. DQ157180）核苷酸序列相似性均为98%,系统进化分析表明其具有较近的亲缘关系。     

食物氮含量对意大利蝗生长发育和卵巢面积的影响

为合理预测意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的种群动态,分别用1%（对照）、4%和7%氮含量的食物饲喂意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻,测定不同氮含量食物处理后意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻的生长速率,羽化后7 d的体长、股节长、胫节长、翅长、翅宽、体重及羽化后1、7、13和19 d的卵巢面积。结果显示,4%氮含量食物处理试虫的生长速率最大,分别较1%和7%氮含量处理的增加了88.02%和109.33%;4%和7%氮含量食物处理后,意大利蝗成虫的后翅宽和体重均显著高于对照;羽化后7 d,不同氮含量食物处理的意大利蝗卵巢面积出现显著差异,羽化后19 d,4%氮含量食物处理的卵巢面积显著高于其他2个处理。表明中等氮含量（4%氮含量）适宜意大利蝗生长。     

盐城地区养猪生产中易发疾病的病因及防治措施

本文对盐城地区养猪生产中常发猪病猪链球菌病、附红细胞体病、弓形体病、高热病等四种疾病的分类、临床症状、病理变化以及防治措施进行了总结;同时结合当地猪病发病率高的情况,从养殖业生产的生物安全、疾病防疫、养殖观念以及动物保健等四个方面给予合理建议。     

哺乳与保育仔猪腹泻的综合防治

<正>我国仔猪腹泻现象十分普遍,导致饲料报酬较低、成活率下降、生长发育停滞。引起腹泻发生的病因往往是多因素相互作用,呈多重感染或交叉混合感染,临床诊断防治困难,严重威胁着养猪业的健康发展。     

控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂特性

崩岗土体的收缩开裂受到多种因素的影响。该研究为研究高径比对其影响,共设计10组高径比,通过定点拍照记录脱湿前与脱湿结束时的土体形态变化,结合数字图像处理技术进行定量分析,探讨在控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂规律。结果表明：1）崩岗4层土中,过渡层的裂隙性、径向收缩性能最强,砂土层最弱,两者之间的较大差异会严重破坏崩岗土体的稳定性与承载力,促使崩壁崩塌;2）高径比较小的试样裂隙发育明显,径向收缩不明显;高径比较大的试样无裂隙发育,径向收缩显著。其中,4层土由干缩开裂土样过渡至径向收缩土样的高径比具体临界值分别位于：0.147～0.160、0.160～0.183、0.160～0.183、0.134～0.147;3）当高径比相同时,即使高度、直径不一致,但其各裂隙参数、径向收缩率具备相似性,轴向收缩率随厚度的增加而增加;4)随高径比的增加,收缩含水率逐渐增大,开裂含水率逐渐减小,两者之间的差值可以表示脱湿过程中土体产生抗拉强度的大小。收缩开裂裂隙度、宽径比、径向收缩率随高径比的增加整体呈现增大的趋势,其余参数均呈现减小的趋势。其中,4层土中,过渡层的收缩开裂特性受高径比影响最显著,砂土层受影响程度最小。研究结果可为揭示崩岗崩塌机理提供科学依据。     

新农业综合执法指导下我国动物卫生监督工作对策

动物产品作为日常饮食结构的重要组成内容,直接关乎人民健康和社会安定,因此动物卫生监督工作责任重大。动物卫生监督作为农业综合执法的一项基本工作内容,在执法改革过程中仍有许多问题制约着动物卫生监督工作的有效开展。该文从执法力量、职责划分、兽医数量、专业水平、执法环境和市场监管6个方面分析动物卫生监督工作中的不足,并提出对策。