基于FTA的船舶冷藏集装箱故障的建立

介绍了故障树分析法,并进行了理论分析,探讨了通过采用故障树分析方法,建立起船舶冷藏集装箱的故障集.     

Analysis of Inter-Individual Bacterial Variation in Gut of Cicada Meimuna mongolica (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Intestinal bacterial community plays a crucial role in the nutrition, development, survival, and reproduction of insects. When compared with other insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, the habitats of cicada nymphs and adults are totally different. However, little is known about the differences in the gut bacterial communities in the nymphs and adults within any cicada species. The diversity of bacteria in the gut of nymphs and adults of both genders of Meimuna mongolica (Distant) was studied using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Few inter-individual variations among gut microbiota were observed, suggesting that M. mongolica typically harbors a limited and consistent suite of bacterial species. Bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were the predominant components of the gut microflora of M. mongolica at all life stages. Bacteria of Pantoea, Streptococcus, and Uruburuella were also widespread in the cicada samples but at relatively lower concentrations. The relative stability and similarity of the PCR-DGGE patterns indicate that all individuals of this cicada species harbor a characteristic bacterial community which is independent from developmental stages and genders. Related endosymbionts that could be harbored in bacteromes of cicadas were not detected in any gut samples, which could be related to the cicada species and the distribution of these endosymbionts in the cicada cavity, or due to some of the possible limitations of PCR-DGGE community profiling. It is worthwhile to further address if related cicada endosymbiont clades distribute in the alimentary canals and other internal organs through diagnostic PCR using group-specific primer sets.     

酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响

为探讨酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,选取128只(公母各半)50日龄体重相近的新西兰兔随机分为4个处理组(对照组、试验1组、2组和3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、5%、10%、15%酸化红薯粉渣的饲粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2组和3组肉兔日均采食量、平均日增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);试验1、2和3组腹泻率、十二指肠pH、盲肠pH均有所降低(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加适量的酸化红薯粉渣能提高肉兔的生长性能和免疫器官指数,降低胃肠pH,其中添加量为10%~15%效果较理想。     

各向同性人造板材料弹性模量测量及其标准差评价

弹性模量是衡量人造板材料力学性能的重要指标,用标准差法对其进行综合评价尤为必要,对其实测及方差分析具有较好的应用价值。采用三点弯曲静力法和悬臂梁自由端振动法,测定各向同性HDF、三合板和OSB试材的静弹性模量和动弹性模量。在实测数据分析中,为反映总体弹性模量实测值数据集的离散程度及落在样本统计值某一区内的概率,还确定了其置信区间,评价了置信度。结果表明:各向同性人造板材料的静弹性模量和动弹性模量测试结果一致,其置信区间越大,置信水平越高。     

福州细叶榕传粉生物学

在福州地区选取85株细叶榕,对其传粉生物学进行研究.细叶榕榕果发育过程可划分为5个时期:雌前期、雌花期、间花期、雄花期和花后期.细叶榕雌花有长花柱、短花柱之分,柱头较长且弯曲,每个柱头独立,没有形成有利于小蜂传粉和产卵的联合柱头平台,雄花迟熟.细叶榕常年挂果,每年的4--8月为花序芽萌发高峰期,单株每年结果1～4次.细叶榕榕果从雌前期到花后期的发育时间长短与水热条件密切相关,在较为干冷的10月至翌年3月,细叶榕榕果发育较慢,一个发育周期通常需要3-6个月；在较为湿热的4-9月,榕果发育明显变快,一个发育周期仅需1-2个月.榕果的发育呈现株间、株内异步,花序发育周期交叠的现象频繁发生.细叶榕雌花期单果进蜂数量以1-2只占绝对优势,使个体小、数量多的榕果能够获得有效进蜂,既保证了传粉小蜂在榕果狭小空间内的有效传粉,也保证了榕树自身的正常结实,是榕-蜂协同进化的结果.福州细叶榕榕果内有17种小蜂,隶属于小蜂总科中的6个科(亚科),其中榕小蜂科的Eupristina verticillata是细叶榕唯一的传粉者,在榕小蜂群落结构中占绝对优势.细叶榕种子产出率明显较低,仅为13.64％,可能是其柱头未形成联合柱头平台,以及非传粉小蜂种类和数量较多的缘故.细叶榕可能通过增加年花期数(结果批次)来增加种子的产出,以确保自身的繁衍.本研究结果为城市绿化和热带雨林生物多样性保护提供科学依据.     

高职院校《可编程序控制器应用技术》课程改革研究

文章介绍了笔者在《可编程控制器应用技术》教学过程中,运用项目化教学方法,将教学内容贯穿于多个实际工作项目中,模拟生产实际过程,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,同时提高学生的基础知识水平和实际操作能力。     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

狼山鸡高、低近交组卵巢组织转录组差异分析

为了探究近交对繁殖效应的影响,本研究以国家级地方鸡种基因库保存的狼山鸡为素材,结合分子标记和系谱信息,组建高、低近交两个试验组,记录高、低近交组的繁殖性能数据。选取高、低近交组中正常个体各3只,采取卵巢组织进行RNA-seq测序,并对差异基因进行功能注释。结果在高、低近交组中共获得差异转录本1 114个,其中783个基因获得注释,307个上调,476个下调。GO和KEGG分析表明,差异基因主要富集在核糖体的生物合成、炎性反应、繁殖、生长、免疫系统过程、代谢过程等生物学过程,Pathway显著富集在叶酸的生物合成、卵母细胞成熟和代谢等生物学通路。功能分析发现,筛选出的差异基因（如GGH、CPEB1、GNMT和PIWIL等）与繁殖功能相关。此外,还包括一些与应激和免疫相关的基因（如APOC3、HSP70、CD38和LGMN等）。研究结果有助于了解狼山鸡繁殖性状近交衰退相关的基因及其调控机制,为家禽特定性状近交衰退分子机理提供参考。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.