Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

基于深度学习的病虫害智能化识别系统

我国农作物种植覆盖面广、分散度高,病虫害发生种类多、区域性发生规律复杂,传统的人工鉴定技术从效率、能力与精度方面均难以满足新形势下重大病虫测报要求。针对这一实践需求,以测报灯下害虫图像数据库(约18万张)、田间病虫害图像数据库(约32万张)为基础,构建了基于深度学习方法的病虫害种类特征自动学习、特征融合、识别和位置回归计算框架,并研发了移动式病虫害智能化感知设备和自动识别系统。通过近2年的精确度和实操运行效率检验,该系统在自然状态下对16种灯下常见害虫的识别率为66%～90%,对38种田间常见病虫害(症状)的识别率为50%～90%。随基础数据库的不断丰富、神经网络深层特征提取的不断完善,该系统有望进一步提高识别准确率,从而真正实现田间病虫害识别自动化、智能化和高效率。     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.     

湖北省钟祥市南湖水生态环境评价

位于湖北省钟祥市城关郢中镇东的南湖,面积800hm^2,集观赏和水产养殖于一体。鱼产量为700t／a。该湖紧靠城市,直接纳人了未经任何处理的大量生活和工业污水,每天流量达40000t,造成水体严重富营养化,鱼类因栖息环境恶化而大量死亡,造成很大经济损失。鉴于此,笔者对南湖水生态环境进行了调查,旨在为南湖的综合治理提供科学依据。     

利用RAPD 标记和种间杂交组合构建葡萄的分子标记连锁图谱

 利用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD) 在一个葡萄的种间杂交组合〔毛葡萄8324296 (Vitis quinquangularis) ×欧洲葡萄粉红玫瑰(V. vinifera) 〕的F1 群体中发展分子标记,共产生了89 个稳定的RAPD 标记,连同4 个形态标记(花型、霜霉病抗性、果皮颜色、果汁颜色) 构建了一个葡萄RAPD分子连锁图。该图覆盖基因组总长度为1 033 cM,标记间平均距离为17.8 cM, 为毛葡萄连锁图谱的构建提供了一个连锁框架。     

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。     

利用试剂盒检测对虾白斑综合症病毒

对虾白斑综合症病毒(wssv),又称对虾杆状病毒或皮下造血组织坏死杆状病毒,是迄今为止危害对虾养殖最为严重的一种病害.发病期一般在幼体期到生长期,死亡率可达100%,该病毒的流行给我国对虾养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为对虾养殖业可持续发展的主要障碍之一.     

谷氨酰胺在断奶仔猪营养中的应用

谷氨酰胺是一种具有特殊营养作用的条件性必需氨基酸，在促进早期断奶仔猪受损肠道的修复及维持正常的局部免疫功能中发挥着重要作用，是解决仔猪早期断奶后生长缓慢，降低腹泻率的重要手段。     

客观面对直播稻的迅速发展 研究掌握直播稻的稳产技术

在对我国水稻种植方式演变历史回顾的基础上,就当前江苏省直播稻不推自广的主要原因进行分析和对策探讨。我国水稻育苗移栽始见于东汉,普及于唐宋以后;育苗移栽取代水稻直播,不仅有效地控制了杂草为害,而且增加了复种,缓解了稻麦两熟季节紧的矛盾,并一直成为主流的植稻方式;但是直播稻并没有完全消失,尤其是在人少地多或劳力缺乏的情况下,直播仍是首选方式。近年来江苏省直播稻迅速扩大,这与农村劳动力不足、水稻条纹叶枯病流行以及种稻效益低下有着密切的联系;当然也有除草剂应用突破和直播稻栽培技术的进步等促进作用。麦后直播水稻（简化了育秧程序,播种期推迟）安全生长期缩短,因此对江苏省里下河麦稻两熟热量资源偏紧地区则必须对水稻品种类型的调整和适宜直播稻品种的选用以及最迟播期等都须进行深入研究和严格界定;对淮北地区一定要引导农民服从自然规律并迅速从盲目扩种直播稻的误区中走出来,若该类地区劳力资源不足且机插条件又不许可,则可适度推行抛秧稻栽培技术。